Risk Management Philippine Setting
Risk Management Philippine Setting
Risk Management Philippine Setting
PREVENTION
MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS
Prevention and mitigation in schools begins with:
Knowing which hazards and risks the school is
exposed to (hazard mapping);
Meeting with all stakeholders in education and
making plans to reduce those hazards and
risks; and
Implementing plans to reduce vulnerabilities.
Hazard is an event or occurrence that
has the potential to cause harm to life and
damage property and the environment.
Risk is the probability of harmful
consequences, or expected loss of lives,
people injured, livelihoods, disruption of
economic activities and damages to the
environment as a result of interactions
between natural or human induced hazards and
vulnerable / capable conditions.
Vulnerability comprises conditions
determined by physical, social, economic,
and environmental factors or processes,
which increase the susceptibility of a community,
school, or certain area in a locality to the impact
of hazards.
Capacities are those positive resources and
abilities which are helpful to individuals,
families and community in mitigating,
preparing for, responding to and recovering
Overview of Policies and Principles
of Disaster Risk Reduction
Legal Basis
Executive Order No. 159, series of 1968, mandates
that all heads of departments, bureaus, offices,
agencies, instrumentalities and political sub-
divisions of the government, including all
corporations owned and controlled by the
government, the armed forces, government
hospitals and public educational institutions to
establish their respective disaster control
organizations.
Presidential Decree No. 1566 of June 1978,
Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Control,
Capability and Establishing the National Program
on Community Disaster Preparedness stresses on
the hardships endured by our people due to a
hostile environment and has continually sought
survival against hazards, both natural and human-
made. Furthermore, the Decree stated the urgency
of the need to direct, control and coordinate the
manpower, material, monetary, and spiritual
resources of the entire Filipino nation to reduce the
impact of hazards.
Rule 1040 of the Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (as amended) which
states that EACH AGENCY provide for the
organization of disaster control
groups/health safety committees in
every place of employment and the
conduct of periodic drills and exercises in
work places;
Guiding Principles
The Department has adopted the following
guiding principles in disaster risk reduction
management in 2005 to implement the Hyogo
Framework for Action.
Making Disaster Risk Reduction a Priority
ensures that disaster risk reduction is a
national and local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation. This
principle emphasizes that collaboration is key.
Knowing the Risks and Taking
Actions
identifies, assesses and monitors disaster risks and
enhances early warning. This principle believes
that early warning saves lives.
Early warning is to relay to individuals, groups or
populations messages which provide them with
information about: the existence of danger; and
what can be done to prevent, avoid or minimize
the danger. Warnings issued
by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical,
Earthquake
An earthquake is a shaking of the ground
caused by sudden slippage of rock masses
below or at the surface of the earth. It is a
wavelike movement of the earths surface.
Drop, Cover, and Hold
The Drop, Cover and Hold protocol (drop to
the floor, cover your head, and hold on to a
solid object), when performed correctly with an
awareness of your surroundings, remains the
most effective way to protect yourself when an
earthquake occurs.
Tsunami
Tsunamis are giant sea waves generated by
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions under the
seabed. Not all submarine
earthquakes, however, cause tsunamis. Tsunamis
can only occur when the earthquake is strong
enough (M7.0+) to displace
the seabed, creating pressures in the water above
it. Other sources of tsunamis include submarine
or coastal landslides, pyroclastic flow and large
volume debris avalanches from oceanic and
partly submerged volcanoes, and caldera
collapse.
Volcanic Eruption
A Volcanic Eruption is a process wherein volcanic
materials
such as molten or hot fragmented rocks or gaseous
materials are
ejected from a volcano. Hazards from volcanoes
may be of different nature.
Astronomical Hazards
Causes and circumstances of deaths from
astronomical phenomena are not well-
studied, providing an interesting area for
researching into deaths and potential
deaths from Near-Earth Objects (NEOs)
such as comets and asteroid
impacts along with geomagnetic storms and
other forms of space weather. Numerous
websites cite cases of meteorite impact
casualties, but none could be verified.
Human Induced Hazards
Technological Hazards
Technological hazards have little or no warning to
precede the incident. These dangers originate
from industrial accidents, dangerous procedures,
infrastructure failures or certain
human activities, which may cause the loss of life
or injury, property damage, social and economic
disruption or environmental degradation.
Environmental Hazards
Environmental hazards are events that pose
a threat from the surrounding environment
encompassing the broad spectrum of acute and
chronic effects of industrial, agricultural and
naturally occurring microorganisms, chemicals
and radiation in our soil, water, air, food, and
wastes.
Socio-Economic, Political, Security Hazards
These hazards are caused by criminal and
human violence which pose threat to the
security of a great number of people, and may
be motivated by political or economic reasons.
Types of Human Induced Hazards
Technological Hazards
Structure Collapse
Structure collapse is often caused by
engineering failures such as under-
design of
structural components, by corrosion attack
and
by aerodynamic resonance in structures.
Fire
Fire is composed of three elements heat,
fuel, and oxygen which when combined will
result in a chemical
reaction called burning.