Instrument Transformer and Their Application
Instrument Transformer and Their Application
Instrument Transformer and Their Application
Instrument
Transformer as CT
Circuit diagram
Instrument Transformer as PT
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Advantages of Instrument Transformer:
1. The measuring instruments can be placed for away from the high
voltage side by connecting long wires to the instrument transformer.
This ensures the safety of instruments as well as the operator.
2. These instrument transformers can be used to extend the range of
measuring instruments like ammeters and voltmeters up to any
required value.
3. The power loss in instrument transformers is very small as
compared to power loss due to the resistance of shunts and
multipliers.
Disadvantages of Instrument Transformer:
1. The only main drawback is that these instruments cant be used
in DC circuits.
Theory of current transformer
Equivalent circuit of CT
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Various symbols are :
n=turns of ratio=secondary turns/primary turns = Ns/Np
Rp=Resistance of primary winding
xp=Reactance of primary winding
Xs= Reactance of secondary winding
Rs= Resistance of secondary winding
Xe= Reactance of external burden i.e. load on secondary
Re= Resistance of external burden i.e. load on secondary
Ep= Primary induced voltage
Es= Secondary induced voltage
Vs= Secondary terminal voltage
Ip= Priimary current
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Equivalent circuit of PT
Phasor diagram of PT
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Is - Secondary current.
Es - Secondary induced emf.
Vs - Secondary terminal voltage.
Rs - Secondary winding resistance.
Xs - Secondary winding reactance.
Ip - Primary current
Ep - Primary induced emf.
Vp - Primary terminal voltage.
Rp - Primary winding resistance
Xp - Primary winding reactance.
KT - Turns ratio = Numbers of primary turns/number of secondary
turns.
I0 - Excitation current
Im - Magnetizing component of I0.
Frequency measurement