A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It can be simple, predicting the relationship between one independent and one dependent variable. Or it can be complex, predicting relationships between multiple variables. A hypothesis can specify the direction of the relationship or not. Researchers conduct experiments to test hypotheses. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship and is tested statistically to either accept or reject it. The research hypothesis states the actual expected relationship between variables.
A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It can be simple, predicting the relationship between one independent and one dependent variable. Or it can be complex, predicting relationships between multiple variables. A hypothesis can specify the direction of the relationship or not. Researchers conduct experiments to test hypotheses. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship and is tested statistically to either accept or reject it. The research hypothesis states the actual expected relationship between variables.
A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It can be simple, predicting the relationship between one independent and one dependent variable. Or it can be complex, predicting relationships between multiple variables. A hypothesis can specify the direction of the relationship or not. Researchers conduct experiments to test hypotheses. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship and is tested statistically to either accept or reject it. The research hypothesis states the actual expected relationship between variables.
A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It can be simple, predicting the relationship between one independent and one dependent variable. Or it can be complex, predicting relationships between multiple variables. A hypothesis can specify the direction of the relationship or not. Researchers conduct experiments to test hypotheses. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship and is tested statistically to either accept or reject it. The research hypothesis states the actual expected relationship between variables.
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The key takeaways are that there are different types of hypotheses used in research including simple, complex, directional, non-directional, null, and research hypotheses.
The different types of hypotheses discussed are simple, complex, directional, non-directional, null, and research hypotheses.
A simple hypothesis predicts the relationship between one independent and one dependent variable, while a complex hypothesis predicts relationships between two or more independent or dependent variables.
A hypothesis is a tentative prediction about the relationship between two or
more variables in a population under study (Polit, 2007).
It translates a research question into a prediction of expected outcomes. It is commonly used in an experiment-type research, formulated particularly before the conduct of an experimental-quantitative research. It is also considered as an intelligent guess that occurs with at least 2 variables: one is independent and the other is dependent. It is only after the experimentation that the researcher can finally assess if hi/her guess is correct or not. When the result of the experiment is the same as the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is accepted When the result of the study is the exact opposite of the hypothesis, then the hypothesis is rejected. 1. SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS It is a hypothesis formulated when predicting a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Examples: a. The nature of teachers is related to the nature of the students. b. There is a relationship between the level of exercise and weight retention among elementary students. 2. COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS It is a hypothesis formulated when predicting a relationships of two or more independent variables or two or more dependent variables. Examples: a. There is no significant relationship between the profile, classroom leadership, and management skills and the schools performance of Sunday school teachers. b. The intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies of principals do not relate significantly to the performance of secondary schools. c. The personal profile and professional profile of subject coordinators affect the level of performance of teachers. 3. DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS It is a hypothesis that specifies not only the existence but also the expected direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Examples: a. Lower levels of exercise are associated with greater weight retention than higher levels of exercise. b. The types of promotional campaigns positively affect the level of patronage of customers. c. The higher the intake of fiber, the lower is the weight of the physical mass. 4. NON-DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS It is a hypothesis that does not stipulate the direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Examples: a. Women with different levels of postpartum depression differ with regard to weight retention. b. The sources of stress are related to the different coping mechanisms among teachers. c. The number of hours spent in reviewing is associated with the level of performance in periodical exams. 5. NULL HYPOTHESIS It is a hypothesis formulated for the purpose of statistical analysis. This kind is always expressed as a negative statement. It is subjected to testing in which the decision is either to accept or reject it. Examples: a. There is no significant relationship between the reasons for using alternative medicine and the level of comfort of the patients. b. The kind of teaching methods used has no effect on the level of performance of students as shown in their academic grades and behaviour in class. c. The traits of the middle-level managers do not significantly affect the productivity level of crews in food chains. 6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS It is a hypothesis which states the actual expected relationship between variables. It is always expressed affirmatively and is called substantive or scientific hypotheses. The study or research assumptions are propositions taken to be true based upon the presupposition without preponderance of the facts. These propositions often refer to the different variables or sub-variables being studied.