Mr.

Vanchai Aimpopukdee
Marketing & Sales Manager
Functional Chemicals
Agency Business Group

Bayer Thai Co.,Ltd.

Phone: 02-232-7314
Fax: 02-266-5422
Hand Phone : 01-840-3534
Email: [email protected]
Blowing
Agents
 Why are blowing agents used?
Reduce Weight.Cost SavingEasier Handling

Insulate Against Cold&Heat.Energy Saving

Improve Softness.ComfortProtection of
Sensitive Articles

Improve Process.Avoidance of Sink Marks

Decorative Effects.3-D Wall Covering

 Chemical Blowing Agents

Additives which evolve gas

by chemical reaction (decomposition)
at the processing temperature of the polymer
 Chemical Blowing Agents
Sulphonyl semicarbazides
p-toluenesulphonylsemicarbazides (TSS)
Tetrazoles
5-phenyl-tetrazole (5-PT)
N-nitroso compounds
Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DNPT)

Hydrazine derivatives
2,4,6-trihydrazino-1,3,5-triazine (THT)
p-toluenesulphohydrazide (TSH)
4, 4-oxybis (benzenesulphohydrazide) (OBSH)

Carbonates Azo compounds

NaHCO3 Azodicarbonamide (ADC)
 Application Fields

Rubber
PE, PP
20%
25%
Others
5%

PVC
50%
EVA or Rubber Shoe Sole
Thermal Insulation Foams
Thermo-Insulation Pipes
Surf and Diving Suits
Foamed Sheets (Puzzle, Sealings)
Cabinet Chassis
Foam Mat
Cutting Board
 LanXess Brand Name

Porofor
Genitron
Ficel

Genitron is a registered trademark of LanXess. It may not be used in

Japan and North and South America. In these areas, the product is
available under the TM Ficel
 Chemical
Exothermic: Basis of LanXess Blowing Agents
O O
Azodicarbonic acid diamide
N N
H2N NH2 ADC
O
p-Toluenesulphonic acid hydrazide
H3C S N NH2
H
O TSH
O O
4,4-Oxybis(benzenesulphonic acid hydrazide)
H2N N S O S N NH2
H H
O O OBSH

Endothermic:
NaHCO3 Sodiumbicarbonate

SBC
 Typical Properties of LanXess Blowing Agents

Blowing Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Gas yield Liberated gas

Agent temperature begins in temperature becomes (ml/g)
(C) Compounds at reduced by
(C)

ADC appr. 210 appr. 140 heavy metals (e.g. Zn appr. 220 nitrogen,
compounds), urea, carbonmonoxide,
bases, acids, glycoles small amounts of
carbon dioxide
and ammonia

TSH appr. 105 appr. 85 basic compounds (e.g. Appr. 120 nitrogen,
Hexamethy- water

OBSH appr. 165 appr. 120 lenetetramine) Appr. 125 vapour

SBC appr. 140 appr. 120 acids (citric acid) appr. 165 carbon dioxide,
(resp. 65) water vapour
 Decomposition Reaction of ADC
O
NH2
N
N N2 , CO, (gaseous main products)
NH2
O CO2 , NH 3 (gaseous by-products)
Azodicarbonic acid + sublimable and solid residues.
diamide
The exact composition of the decomposition
products depend on the reaction conditions.

Solids and sublimable residues could be:

O O H
NH2 O N O HN O NH
HN HN O
HN NH HN NH O O O O O
HN NH NH NH H2N NH2
NH2 O NH
O O
Hydrazodicarbonic Urazole Cyanuric acid Isocyanuric acid Cyamelide Urea
acid diamide
 Gas generation characteristics as a
function of the decomposition
temperature
300
230C
220C
210C 200C
250
Gas yield [ml/g]

200

150

100

50
Zero-Value

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Decomposition time (min)
Blowing Agent Supply Forms
 Standard Porofor ADC Properties
Product ADC/E-C2 ADC/F-C2 SP 51001 ADC/S-C2 ADC/M-C1 ADC/L-C2 KA 9185
Particle size (? m)
Cilas (wet) 23.0 15.5 11.0 7.0 4.5 3.5 2.9
Sympatec (dry) 20.0 14.9 10.7 6.7 3.9 3.0 2.5

Flowability ++ + + +
Low dust + + + + + + +
Dispersion ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + +
Reaction with + ++ +++ ++++
activators

Remarks yellow powders with typical gas yields of about 230 ml/g
Applications PE and PP PVC, rubber, and thermoplastics
Processing temp.
200 - 230C
(not activated)
Processing temp.
160 - 190C
(activated)

Coarser types: flowable, easy dosage, use at processing temperatures >210C.

Finer types: quick reaction with activators, use together with activators at processing temperatures<200C.
 Specific Surface Area of Azodicarbonic Acid
Diamide depending on Particle Size
4,0
= do not support
sales actively
3,5
KA 9185
Specific surface area (m2/cm3)

3,0 ADC/L-C2

ADC/M-C1
2,5

2,0 ADC/S-C2

1,5 SP 51001
ADC/Z-C2
ADC/F-C2
1,0 ADC/E-C2

0,5

0,0
0 5 10 15 20 25
median particle size (m)
 Zincoxide Activation
230
of ADC
C
220

210

200

190

180

170

160

150
100:0 95:5 90:10 85:15 80:20 75:25 70:30 65:35 60:40
Ratio of the components of the mixture Porofor ADC/M-C1 : ZnO active
Decomposition Rate of ADC with 1g K/Zn-Kicker as a
Function of ADC Particle Size at 150C in DOP
300
T=150C
250
4,5 m
16 m 23 m
200
Gas Yield (ml)

150

100

50
O-Value

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Decomposition Time (min)
 Sulphonhydrazides
Properties

Product Porofor TSH Genitron OB

Colourless powders + +
Colourless decomposition + +
products
Typical gas yield (ml/g) 120 125
Applications Rubber Rubber and
Thermoplastics
Processing temp. (C) 120 - 160 140 - 160

Low temperature applications, especially colourless foams

Expanded Rubber Sheets
Expanded Rubber Profile
Profiles for Automotive Use
 Continuous Manufacture of Foamed Rubber Profiles
Combination UHF / Hot Air

Compound Forming Continuous Processing Confectioning

Preparation

UHF Hot air

Not expanded
profile

Two Roll Mill Extruder Vulcanisation and Foamed vulcanised

foaming in a combination profile
UHF and hot air

The combination of the hot air process with UHF warming up overcomes the limitations through poor heat bring in
of the hot air process by seperation of the process steps heating up and temperature keeping. The heating up
occurs not only from outside but from inside too. Microwave heating goes back to dipolpolarisation; at least one
component has to be microwave heatable.
 Masterbatch-Blowing Agents for
Rubber Industry

Product Porofor ADC/M-C1 Genitron AC2M Genitron ACR Genitron EPE Genitron EPC
TSH/ADC preparation X
OBSH/ADC preparation X
ADC preparation X X X
Activated X X
Processing temp. (C) 160 (activated) 230C 160 (activated) 230C 150 190C 150 190C 160 - 190
Gas yield (ml/g) 230 220 175 150 190
Application All round product Rubber sticky, Special product for rubber Thermoplastics; rubber; Peroxide crosslinked
reduced dust (EPDM-profiles) injection moulding and EVA foams
extrusion
Remark Small median particle For compounds which are Combination of BAs Non-plating; highly internally activated,
size, easy to activate, mixed on a two roll mill which generates a high activated for use at low recommended for
high gas yield gas yield and processing temperatures applications without
decomposes fast at low external added zincoxide;
temperatures so not in sulphur
vulcanisates

SH/ADC-Formulations combine the good properties (SH-start of decomposition at low temperatures; ADC-high gas yields) of both classes of substances.
Genitron AC2M has reduced flow properties for an improved use on double roll mill, reduced falling through the gap.
 Compounded Blowing Agents
for Rubber Industry
Product Porofor Genitron Genitron Genitron Genitron Genitron
TSH 75 ER-75 E2-75 E4-75 EE-75 EO-75
Blowing agent 75 75 75 75 75 75
content (%)
Blowing agent TSH ACR ADC/S-C2 ADC/L-C2 EPE OB
ADC formulation + + + +
TSH formulation + +
OBSH formulation + +
EPR carrier + + + + +
Mineral oil carrier +
Gas yield (ml/g) 84 130 165 165 105 95
Applications Rubber
Processing temp. 120 - 160 - 200 - 200 - 200 - 140 -
160C 190C 230C 230C 220C 160C

Naming: First letter Polymeric carrier (usually EPM).

Second letter Blowing Agent (eg. R for ACR).
Digids Blowing Agent Content (eg. 75 = 75 %)
Blowing Agent Rubber Masterbatch