SOLID STATE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH AN ADJUSTABLE

CURRENT-TIME TRIPPING PROFILE

 ABSTRACT

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to

protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker
can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.
Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an
individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high
voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
 CONTENT
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Problem statement
• Objective
• Scope of the project
• Methodology
• System description
• Advantages
• Application
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an

1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution
system used fuses. Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from
accidental short-circuits and overloads.

• A modern miniature circuit breaker similar to the ones now in use was
patented by Brown, Boveri & Cie in 1924.
Cont….
• Hugo Stotz, an engineer who had sold his company, to BBC, was
credited as the inventor on DRP (Deutsches Reichspatent) 458392
Stotz's invention was the forerunner of the modern thermal-
magnetic breaker commonly used in household load centers to this
day.
• Interconnection of multiple generator sources into an electrical grid
required development of circuit breakers with increasing voltage
ratings and increased ability to safely interrupt the increasing short
circuit currents produced by networks.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
1. SiC Solid State Circuit Breaker with an Adjustable Current-Time Tripping Profile
Author:- Yanjun Feng, Yuanfeng Zhou, Z. John Shen
This paper reports a SiC-based solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) with an adjustable current-time
(I-t) tripping profile for both ultrafast short circuit protection and overload protection. The
tripping time ranges from 0.5 microsecond to 10 seconds for a fault current ranging from 0.8X
to 10X of the nominal current. The I-t tripping profile, adjustable by choosing different
resistance values in the analog control circuit, can help avoid nuisance tripping of the SSCB
due to inrush transient current. The maximum thermal capability of the 1200V SiC JFET
static switch in the SSCB is investigated to set a practical thermal limit for the I-t tripping
profile. Furthermore, a low fault current ‘blind zone’ limitation of the prior SSCB design is
discussed and a new circuit solution is proposed to operate the SSCB even under a low fault
current condition. Both simulation and experimental results are reported.
2. Wide-Bandgap Solid-State Circuit Breakers for DC Power Systems: Device and Circuit
Considerations
Author:- Z. John Shen, Fellow, IEEE, Gourab Sabui, Student Member, IEEE,
DC circuit protection applications provide a unique market opportunity for wide-bandgap (WBG)
semiconductors, which are outside the conventional focus on power electronic converters. This paper
presents an overview of emerging dc power systems, the needs for dc solid-state circuit breakers
(SSCBs), and the benefits and advantages of various WBG SSCB concepts. Furthermore, a new
class of self-powered SSCBs based on SiC or GaN normally-ON switching devices is proposed in
this paper. One implementation of the SSCB concept based on a 1200 V SiC JFET experimentally
demonstrated turn-off of a fault current of 125 A at a dc voltage of 400 V within 1 µs without
requiring any external power supply. The SSCB detects short-circuit faults by sensing its drain–
source voltage rise and draws power from the fault condition to turn off the SiC JFET. Various
implementations of the SSCB concept for unipolar and bipolar capability using both SiC and GaN
are also discussed from both device and circuit perspectives. It is concluded that very low ON-
resistance normally-ON WBG switching devices are excellent candidates for the emerging SSCB
applications.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• During a short-circuit a significant voltage sag can be noticed locally in the

medium-voltage grid. Sensitive loads such as computers will fail even if the
voltage returns within a few seconds.

• A solid state circuit breaker, however, is able to switch fast enough to keep
voltage and current disturbance within acceptable limits. The optimization
and selection of power electronic switch topologies is critical. So
overcome all this drawback we are implementing this project.
 OBJECTIVE
• Easily operated.

• Maintenance cost will be less.

• capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal and

abnormal circuit conditions.

• Circuit breaker is a piece of equipment which can Break the circuit

automatically under fault conditions.

• Make or brake a circuit either manually or by remote control under normal

conditions.
 METHODOLOGY
• Literature review
• Identification of the problem
• Finding solution of the problem
• Data collection
• Design of product
• Market survey for required components
• Purchase of required components system
• Manufacturing and assembly
• Testing and experimentation
• Evolution of result of the project.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
LCD
DISPLAY

CURRENT RELAY LOAD(60

SENSOR
WATT)
LOAD(100
MICRO WATT)
CONTROLLER
ARDUINO
LOAD(200
UNO WATT)
 WORKING

• Here we are using arduino as a controller. Which controls all the operations.
• Current and voltage sensor used. All information will be displayed on LCD.
• Here we are connect load through relay.
• Load will operate like 60 watt =operate at 0.54 amps
• 100 watt = operate at 0.90 amps
• 200 watt = operate at 1.667 amps
• There are three loads are connected at the output if the current is above
0.55amp then two load will ON that time first will get automatically OFF.
• Likewise it will operate on the basis of how much current is carrying by each
load.
COST ESTIMATION
 REQUIRED COMPONENTS
• ARDUINO UNO

• LCD DISPLAY

• RELAY

• LOAD

• CURRRENT SENSOR

• VOLTAGE SENSOR

• POWER SUPPLY
 ARDUINO UNO
Arduino is an open-source computer hardware and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices
and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world.
LCD DISPLAY
 SPECIFICATION
 Display :- 16 Char* 2 Lines

 Controller:-LSI HD44780 IN BUILT

 Power Supply :- + 5v Dc

 Display Color :-Gray

 Weight :- 35g
RELAY MODULE
Relay DS
These SPDT relays covers switching capacity
of 10A in spite of miniature size for PCB
Mount. Equivalent to Good Sky Part# RW-SH-
105D
Contact Rating
10A at 220V AC / 110V AC / 28V DC
Coil Resistance
70ohm 5VDC
Life expectancy
Mechanical 10,000,000 operations at no load
Electrical 100,000 at rated resistive load
CURRENT SENSOR
FEATURES
100 mV/A output sensitivity
5.0 V, single supply operation
Output voltage proportional to AC or DC currents
Factory-trimmed for accuracy
Extremely stable output offset voltage
Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis
Ratiometric output from supply voltage
Low-noise analog signal path
Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin
5 µs output rise time in response to step input current
80 kHz bandwidth
Total output error 1.5% at TA = 25°C
Small footprint, low-profile SOIC8 package
1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance
2.1 kVRMS minimum isolation voltage from pins 1-
4 to pins 5-8
 ADVANTAGES
• They are less sensitive to fault conditions , therefore have less nuisance
strips.
• They can be arranged to protect against cable damage only.
• And not strip on faults in down line installations.
 APPLICATIONS

• Used in electrical substations.

• This system is used in buildings and houses.

• Used in hotels and shopping malls to save the power.

PLAN OF PROJECT
 REFERENCES
• Amberkar, S., M. Kushion, K. Eschtruth and F. Bolourchi (2000). Diagnostic development for an electric power steering
system. SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0819, doi:10.4271/2000-01-0819.

• Baviskar, A., J. R. Wagner, D. M. Dawson, D. Braganza and P. Setlur (2009). An adjustable steer-by wire haptic-interface
tracking controller for ground vehicles. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology 58(2), 546–554.

• Bertacchini, A., L. Tamagnini and P. Pavan (2006). Force feedback in steer-by-wire systems: Architecture and experimental
results. IEEE ISIE, Montreal, Quebec, Canada pp. 3050–3055.

• Cetin, A. E., M. A. Adli, D. E. Barkana and H. Kucuk (2010). Implementation and development of an adaptive steering-
control system. IEEE Transactions on vehicular technology 59(1), 75–83. Han, J. (2009). From pid to active disturbance
rejection control. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(3), 900–906.
THANK YOU…