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    Explain What Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions Are

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    Zizol Othman
    Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions are compared based on their solute concentrations relative to a reference solution. A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration, causing water to diffuse into cells by osmosis. An isotonic solution has an equal solute concentration, resulting in no net water movement. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration, causing water to diffuse out of cells. This affects cell shapes, with hypotonic solutions causing swelling and hypertonic solutions causing shrinking or plasmolysis.

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    Explain What Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions Are

    Uploaded by

    Zizol Othman
    108 views47 pages
    Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions are compared based on their solute concentrations relative to a reference solution. A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration, causing water to diffuse into cells by osmosis. An isotonic solution has an equal solute concentration, resulting in no net water movement. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration, causing water to diffuse out of cells. This affects cell shapes, with hypotonic solutions causing swelling and hypertonic solutions causing shrinking or plasmolysis.

    Original Description:

    osmosis

    Original Title

    chapter 3.2

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    Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions are compared based on their solute concentrations relative to a reference solution. A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration, causing water to diffuse into cells by osmosis. An isotonic solution has an equal solute concentration, resulting in no net water movement. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration, causing water to diffuse out of cells. This affects cell shapes, with hypotonic solutions causing swelling and hypertonic solutions causing shrinking or plasmolysis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    108 views47 pages

    Explain What Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions Are

    Uploaded by

    Zizol Othman
    Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions are compared based on their solute concentrations relative to a reference solution. A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration, causing water to diffuse into cells by osmosis. An isotonic solution has an equal solute concentration, resulting in no net water movement. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration, causing water to diffuse out of cells. This affects cell shapes, with hypotonic solutions causing swelling and hypertonic solutions causing shrinking or plasmolysis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 47

    Explain what hypotonic,

    hypertonic and isotonic


    solutions are

    Hypotonic, Hypertonic
    and Isotonic solutions
    In this subtopic, we mostly
    COMPARING between two
    concentration..so don’t forget
    to compare …
    ISOTONIC
    • SolutionA in
    Solution is which theto
    isotonic
    concentrations of solute
    solution B are equal

    0.5 M 0.5 M
    sucrose sucrose
    solution solution
    HYPERTONIC
    • The
    Solution B iswith
    solution hypertonic
    a higher
    compared
    solute to solution A
    concentration

    0.5 M sucrose 1.0 M sucrose


    solution solution
    HYPOTONIC
    Solution
    • The A iswith
    solution hypotonic
    lower
    compared
    solute to solution B
    concentration

    0.5 M sucrose 1.0 M sucrose


    solution solution
    Explain the effects of
    hypotonic, hypertonic and
    isotonic solutions on plant cell
    and animal cell

    Explain plasmolysis,
    deplasmolysis, haemolysis and
    crenation
    4 points to be remembered…

    1. Compare concentration(A-B)
    2. diffusion–water (A-B)
    3. By osmosis(through plasma
    membrane)
    4. Result –shape (cell)
    4 points to be remembered…

    1. A is _______compare to B
    2. Water diffuse from _?_ to _?__..
    3. By osmosis(through plasma
    membrane)
    4. The cell become______.
    Animal and plant cells in isotonic
    solution

    rbc are isotonic to 0.85% or 0.15 The cell sap of onion cells
    M of NaCl solution are isotonic to 0.5-0.55 M or
    rbc are also isotonic to 0.28 M 17%-18% of sucrose solution
    glucose solution
    The 0.15 M NaCl solution is isotonic to the
    cytoplasmic fluid of red blood cell (rbc)

    0.15 M NaCl
    solution

    Equal to

    Concentration of
    Rbc cytoplasmic
    fluid.
    ISOTONIC
    Water
    diffuses into

    of the cell at
    equal rates by
    osmosis

    And out
    ISOTONIC

    There is no
    net movement
    of water across
    the plasma
    membrane (no
    net gain or net
    loss of water)

    The cells retain their normal shape


    The 0.5 M sucrose solution is isotonic to the
    cell sap of onion cell

    0.5 M sucrose
    solution

    Equal to

    Concentration of
    the cell sap of
    onion cell
    ISOTONIC
    Water
    diffuses into

    of the cell at
    equal rates by
    osmosis

    And out
    ISOTONIC

    There is no
    net movement
    of water across
    the plasma
    membrane (no
    net gain or net
    loss of water)

    The cells retain their normal shape


    Animal cells in hypertonic solution

    Crenated rbc Normal rbc


    0.5 M NaCl solution
    Higher conc.

    Hypertonic
    to

    Rbc cytoplasmic
    fluid.
    Low conc.
    Water
    diffuses out
    of the cell
    By osmosis
    through
    plasma
    The cells shrivel
    membrane
    and the plasma
    membrane
    crinkles up
    The cells have undergone
    CRENATION
    Remember this :

    CRENATION is
    the process
    Normal
    RBC Immersed in hypertonic solution

    The result is
    cell become
    CRENATED/
    SHRINK/
    SHRIVEL
    Plant cells in hypertonic solution
    1.0M sucrose
    solution
    Higher conc.
    Hypertonic
    to

    Cell sap.
    Low conc.
    Water
    diffuses out
    of the
    vacuole
    By osmosis
    Both the
    vacuole and
    cytoplasm
    shrink
    • The plasma
    membrane
    pulls away
    from the cell
    wall

    The plant cells have


    plasmolysed, becomes flaccid
    and less turgid
    Remember this :

    PLASMOLYSI
    S is the
    process
    Immersed in hypertonic solution

    cell become
    PLASMOLYSE
    D/ FLACCID
    Animal cells in hypotonic solution
    Distilled water
    low conc.

    Hyp0tonic
    to

    Rbc cytoplasmic
    fluid.
    high conc.
    Water
    diffuses into
    the cell
    By osmosis
    through
    plasma
    The cells swell
    membrane
    up and burst
    (haemolysis)
    Remember this :

    HAEMOLYSIS
    is the process
    Immersed in hypotonic solution

    cell become
    the plasma membrane HAEMOLYSED
    ruptures and the content / SWELL UP
    are released into the AND BURST
    surrounding
    Plant cells in HYPOtonic
    solution
    Distilled water
    low conc.

    Hyp0tonic
    to

    Cell sap
    high conc.
    Water
    diffuses into
    the cell
    By osmosis
    through
    plasma
    membrane
    The cells
    become turgid
    • Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell
    sap of onion cell
    • Water diffuses into the cells by
    osmosis
    • The vacoule expands causing the cells
    to swell
    • The vacuole and cytoplasm press
    outwards against the plasma
    membrane
    • The cells become turgid
    The swelling of a plant cell in hypotonic solution creates
    Turgor Pressure within the cell. This pressure prevents
    the cell from taking in too much water and bursting.
    Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic
    solution solution solution
    Plant cell P: P: P: plamolysis

    C: turgid C: remain the C: plasmolysed,


    same flaccid

    Animal cell P: haemolysis P: P: crenation

    C: haemolysed, C: remain the C: crenated


    burst, shape shrivel,
    swell up crinkles up
    Movement Water diffuse into Water diffuse Water diffuse out
    of water the cell by into and out of from the cell by
    osmosis through the cell at equal osmosis through
    plasma rate by osmosis plasma membrane
    membrane
    The Effects and Application of
    Osmosis in everyday Life
    1. Wilting in plants
    • caused by excessive use of fertilisers
    • fertilisers dissolve in the soil water
    • the soil water is hypertonic to the cell
    sap of plant root
    • water diffuses out of the cell sap by
    osmosis
    • causing the cells to be plasmolysed and
    become flaccid
    • eventually this leads to wilting
    Wilting in plant
    2. Food preservation
    • some food can be preserved to last
    longer by using natural preservatives
    such as salt, sugar and vinegar
    • when preservatives are added to the food,
    the surrounding solution is hypertonic to
    the contents of the food
    • water diffuses out from the food by
    osmosis
    • preservatives diffuse in by simple
    diffusion
    • the food will become dehydrated and
    the presence of preservatives prevent
    the growth of fungi and bacteria that
    can spoil the food
    Appreciating the movement of substances
    across the plasma membrane
    • Important for the survival of a cell
    • By being semi-permeable, the plasma
    membrane is able to control what goes in
    and what goes out
    • The proper functioning of the plasma
    membrane is very important because it
    helps to bring in important substances such
    as glucose (carrier protein)

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