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Osmosis

When animal and plant cells are placed in solutions of different tonicities, water will move across the cell membrane through osmosis. For animal cells in hypertonic solutions, water moves out through exosmosis causing the cell to shrink and crenate. For plant cells in hypertonic solutions, water moves out through exosmosis causing plasmolysis where the cell membrane separates from the cell wall. In hypotonic solutions, water moves into cells through endosmosis. For animal cells this causes the cell to burst, while plant cells become turgid due to their rigid cell wall preventing bursting. Isotonic solutions cause no net water movement or changes to cells.

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Iscariot Priest
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53 views

Osmosis

When animal and plant cells are placed in solutions of different tonicities, water will move across the cell membrane through osmosis. For animal cells in hypertonic solutions, water moves out through exosmosis causing the cell to shrink and crenate. For plant cells in hypertonic solutions, water moves out through exosmosis causing plasmolysis where the cell membrane separates from the cell wall. In hypotonic solutions, water moves into cells through endosmosis. For animal cells this causes the cell to burst, while plant cells become turgid due to their rigid cell wall preventing bursting. Isotonic solutions cause no net water movement or changes to cells.

Uploaded by

Iscariot Priest
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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When an animal cell is kept in hypertonic solution.

• Water moves both in and out of the cell.


• More water moves out of the cell as outside solution is concentrated
and the solution is dilute inside the cell.
• This process of movement of water outside the cell is called
exosmosis.
• Due to exosmosis, animal cell shrinks .
• This process is called Crenation.
WHEN A PLANT CELL IS KEPT IN HYPERTONIC SOLUTION.

• Water moves both in and out of cell.


• More water moves out of the cell.
• This movement of water out of the cell is called Exosmosis.
• Due to exosmosis , plant cell undergoes the process of Plasmolysis.
• During Plasmolysis , the cell wall of the cell separates from the cell membrane .
Further the cell membrane along with ye cytoplasmic contents shrinks in the
centre.
• The space between the cell wall and cell membrane fills up with the outside
hypertonic solution.
WHEN AN ANIMAL CELL IS KEPT IN HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

• Water moves both in and out of the cell.


• More water moves inside the cell by the process of Endosmosis.
• Animal cell ,being covered by a flexible cell membrane ,cell can not
hold any more water after some time and bursts.

WHEN A PLANT CELL IS KEPT IN HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

• Water moves both in and out of cell. But more water moves in the
cell by the process of Endosmosis.
• Due to Endosmosis plant cell becomes Turgid and doesn’t burst
because of the presence of rigid cell wall.
FORMATION OF RED CELL GHOSTS WHEN RBC ARE KEPT IN HYPOTONIC
SOLUTION.
WHEN A CELL IS KEPT IN ISOTONIC SOLUTION.

• Water moves both in and out of the cell .


• Amount of water that goes inside the cell is same as water that goes
out of the cell.
• Hence there is no overall movement of water.
• The cell will stay the same size and shape.
In short:
Hpertonic solution:Animal cell-Crenation;Plant cell-Plasmolysis.
Hypotonic solution:Animal cell-Bursts; Plant cell-Turgid
Isotonic solution:No change in both plant and animal cell.
I
FLEXIBILITY OF CELL MEMBRANE AND ENDOCYTOSIS

• Due to flexibility of cell membrane ,it can change its shape.


• This property enables Amoeba to acquire it’s food from its
surroundings.
• Amoeba forms false feet/pseudopodia with the help of which it
can engulf it’s good inside the cell.
• This process is called endocytosis.
CELL WALL

• Present in plant cell, fungal cells and bacterial cells. Absent in animal
cells.
• It lies outside the Plasma membrane.
• It is a rigid wall.
• It is fully permeable.i.e allows all materials to move across it.
• It is dead and is made up of Cellulose in plant cells and Chitin in fungal
cells.
• It protects the cell and doesn’t allow the cell to burst when it is kept
in water by making it Turgid i.e Fully swollen cell fully saturated with
water.
IMPORTANCE OF CELL WALL FOR PLANTS, FUNGI AND BACTERIA.

• Cell wall permits plant cells fungal cells and bacterial cells to
withstand very dilute media(excessive water in surroundings)
,without bursting.
• In such media ,cells tend to take in water by Endosmosis.
• The cell swells ,die to entry of water , building up pressure against
the cell wall.
• The cell wall ,being rigid exerts equal pressure against the swollen
cell.
• Hence such cells can withstand much greater changes in the
surrounding medium than animal cells.
ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS.
1 Write the postulates of cell theory and the scientists who propounded
them.
2 Differentiate between Unicellular and multicellular organisms.
3 Justify with the help of examples that the shape of a cell is determined by
the functions it performs.
4 Name and explain the processes which govern movement of substances
across a cell.
5 Justify that Omosis is a special case of diffusion.
6 Give 2 examples from living world where diffusion occur.
7 How do unicellular freshwater organisms tend to gain water from their
surroundings?
8 What is the significance of flexibility of cell membrane. Explain with an
example.
9 Define Osmosis on terms of a dilute and concentrated solution.
10 What is meant by Hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution and isotonic
solution.
11 What happens when an animal cell is kept in Hypotonic solution (pure
water)?
12 What happens when an animal cell is kept in hypertonic solution (saline
solution).
13 What happens when a plant cell is kept in pure water (dilute solution)?
14 What happens when a plant cell is kept in strong salt solution (hypertonic
solution)?
15 What will the effect on a cell when it is kept in an isotonic solution?
16 What is the advantage of cell wall in organisms who possess it?
17 Why is cell wall said to be fully permeable and cell membrane as
selectively permeable ?

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