Project co-financed by

European Union Project co- financed

by Asean

SUPPLEMENTARY ASEAN GMP TRAINING MODULE

PEST CONTROL

Prepared by
Ofelia M. Malagkit ~ Philippines
Approved by
ASEAN GMP Team

Endorsed by
ASEAN Cosmetic Committee
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Environmental
Environmental Hygiene
Hygiene
“Pest
“Pest Control
Control Program”
Program”

Meeting of pest attack strategy

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PRINCIPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

Environmental hygiene and its implementation will

depend on the area where the manufacturing plant
is situated.
The precautions to be taken will be different if the
site is in a town or in the country.

The main principles of environmental hygiene

will consist of:
 proper fencing (public, dogs, etc.)
 pest control (rodents, insects, birds)
 liquid and solid waste disposal

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PEST CONTROL PROGRAM

Pests (insect, rodents and birds) should be controlled to prevent their
access to cosmetic plant , production areas and storage departments.
This is best achieved by the construction of buildings and working
places where access of insects, rodents and birds is hindered, but it will
be almost impossible to secure buildings totally against pests.
However good design and construction may delay the entry of pests
which is a worthwhile objective of an overall rodent control
programme. Even if the buildings are well-constructed and as pest-
proof as possible it will be necessary to have a regular pest control.

Pest Control Program should be in

place, that includes regular treatment
against termites, ants, cockroaches, and
rodents.
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KEY ISSUE PCP (1)

 Good housekeeping and proper sanitation are the
key to any type of long range pest control.
 A formalized preventive pest control program shall
be maintained in the plant and well documented.
 The pest control program may be undertaken by
trained in-house personnel or be provided by an
outside certified pest control contractor.
 Pest monitoring devices and appropriate integrated
pest management strategies should be properly
used to provide ongoing monitoring for pest activity
and to design an effective control program to
eliminate pests and the potential for pest activity.

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KEY ISSUE PCP (2)

 The plant shall maintain written procedures outlining the
requirements of the program to reduce the potential for
product contamination from pest activity or the use of
materials and/or procedures designed to control pest
activity.
 Pest control activities shall at all times be conducted in
total compliance with the regulatory requirements of the
agency controlling such procedures.
 The programs should include a minimum
pesticide applications

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IN-HOUSE PCP
If the pest control program will be done by in-
house trained personnel, he/she shall :
a. maintain a file of sample labels and
chemical safety data information for each
pesticide used and shall maintain pesticide
usage records as well as records on
maintenance of the safety and protective
equipment used.
b. maintain and enforce written procedures
for the application of all pesticides.
c. maintain accurate records of application of
pesticides

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CONTRACTED PCP
If the program is done by a contracted licensed pest control
company, we shall maintain the following:
a. A contract describing the specific services to be
rendered, including materials to be used,
methods, precautions, and chemical safety data
information required by government regulations.
b. Sample labels for all pesticides used.
c. Accurate and complete service records describing
current levels of pest activity and
recommendations for additional efforts needed
to correct conditions allowing a potential for pest
activity.
d. Accurate documentation of all pesticide
applications, including rodenticides, made in or
around the plant.
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PEST CONTROL PROGRAM

Documentation shall be maintained in
accordance with government regulations
and must document, at a minimum:
 Materials applied
 Target organism
 Amount applied
 Specific area where pesticide was
applied
 Method of application
 Rate of application or dosage
 Date and time treated
 Applicator’s signature
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PEST CONTROL PREVENTIVE PROGRAM

 All manufacturers shall establish effective preventive programs
for the elimination of pest activity. The effectiveness of the
programs will be measured by the lack of observation of pest
activity and evidence.
 Rodent burrows, rodent runs, and any conditions attracting
rodents or other pests both inside and outside the plant shall be
eliminated.
 Specific procedures include but are not limited to:
 Outside bait stations for the control of rats and mice.
 Internal control program which shall comply with government
regulations
 Rodent burrows, rodent runs, and any conditions attracting
rodents or other pests both inside and outside the plant shall
be eliminated.
 Electric flying insect monitors should be used as needed to
identify flying insect entry into the plant.
 Birds shall be controlled by exclusion
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SAFETY PEST CONTROL PROGRAM

 All pesticide containers and application equipment shall be properly
labeled to identify the contents. Insecticides or herbicides each
require separate equipment for application. All equipment used for
pesticide application shall be properly maintained in serviceable
condition.
 Pesticides stored in a plant shall be stored in a locked enclosure,
preferably in an outside building away from production areas.
 Easily understandable labelling warning of the contents and limiting
access shall be posted on the exterior entrances to this enclosure.
 The storage enclosure shall be adequate in size and construction
and well ventilated. The enclosure shall contain the necessary
materials to control spills or leakage and to avoid injury to
personnel.
 Disposal of pesticides, pesticide containers and pesticide residues
shall be done in a manner that meets all regulatory guidelines and
must be consistent with the instructions included on the label for
the material.

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INSECT CONTROL PRINCIPLE

1. Principles in insect control program may be:
a. Biological control through emphasis on the natural enemies of pests.
b. Cultural control through alteration of the environment to make it
unfavourable to pests. Sanitation programmes and water management
are examples.
c. Physical and mechanical control, for example burning and using
sticky adhesives.
d. Autocidal control, disrupting the breeding cycle of a pest (release of
sterilized male insects or genetically altered insects).
e. Behavioural control, which involves the identification, production,
and application of chemical attractants which draw the insects to a trap
or interrupt and confuse breeding patterns.
f. Chemical control, which is the most obvious control method, but also
the most controversial of all control methods. This method includes
chemical insecticides but non-chemical methods should be employed if
possible.
2. These principles can also be used for the control of rodents and birds but
the slower generation time of these animals reduces some of the above-
mentioned alternatives.
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RODENT CONTROL PRINCIPLE

The most effective way to control rats is to separate them
from food supplies forcing the rats to migrate in search of
food thus depressing the reproduction rate.

This can only be done through careful management of

hygiene standards in plant cosmetic production.

Other principles in rodent control are:

 chemical control
 physical control
 biological control

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CHEMICAL CONTROL
by Asean

a. The most used method for chemical control of rodents is to prebait

which overcomes most problems of shyness and avoidance when
baiting. In prebaiting a non-poisoned bait is introduced for a rat
population over a period and then the non-poisoned bait is replaced
with the identical poisonous variety of bait.
b. The rodenticides used as baits can be divided into two main types:
 multiple dose of chronic chemicals, and
 single-dose (acute) rodenticides.
According to the situation, each type can be recommended.
c. The type of bait station used will depend on its location. It is
important to prevent spread of rodenticides in the production areas
and the bait stations must be inspected regularly.
d. Chemical control may include the use of rodenticides as tracking
powder. These materials kill rats when the animal grooms itself after
having been in touch with the powder. Tracking powders (like other
baits) should not be used in production areas.
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PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

by Asean

Physical control
The best known method of physical control is traps.
Trapping is of special importance in an environment
where cosmetic product is produced, handled or
stored because poisonous baits cannot be used for
safety reasons.

Biological control
Rodents (rats) have natural enemies
such as cats and dogs, but these
animals should not be permitted to
control (kill) rodents in cosmetic
production areas.

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OUTSIDE BAIT STATION

by Asean

Outside bait station for the control of rats and mice :

• Baits used shall be approved registered rodenticide or
monitoring (non-toxic) feeding blocks.
• These bait stations should meet tamper resistance standards
and shall be properly positioned, anchored in place, locked, and
properly labeled in compliance with regulatory requirements.
The bait stations shall be installed around the exterior perimeter
of the plant at 50-100 foot (15-30 meter) intervals.
• Where allowed by local ordinance, the stations should also be
installed along the fence line in accordance with industry best
practice.
• All stations shall be inspected and serviced no less
than once per month. Each service and the results
of the service will be documented for each station
or device and maintained on file.
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INSIDE BAIT STATION

by Asean

Internal measures shall comply with government regulations. Unless

prohibited by regulatory requirements, internal control programs shall
consist of the use of mechanical traps, extended trigger traps, or glue
boards, but should not include feeding stations of any kind.
In countries where mechanical traps and/or glueboards are prohibited
by law, internal feeding stations containing non-toxic bait may be used
for monitoring purposes. These feeding stations shall be used in a
manner consistent with the label directions for the bait and in a manner
that minimizes the potential for contamination of the cosmetic products
or materials in storage.
These stations shall contain only non-toxic bait, unless evidence of
rodents has been documented in the recent past. If activity has been
found, toxic bait can be used until the activity is eliminated. Non toxic
bait should then be reinstalled in the stations for routine monitoring
purposes.
These stations should be constructed of a durable material such as hard
plastic and should be kept locked and secured to keep them in place.
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LOCATION OF BAIT STATION

by Asean

 It is recommended that the internal devices used for routine

monitoring purposes be positioned at 20-40 foot (6.5-13 meter)
intervals along exterior perimeter walls.
 Where possible, rodent control devices should be installed at
each side of exterior overhead and pedestrian doors or where
there is a potential for rodent entry into the plant.
 In any area where there is a potential for rodent activity, such
as raw material storage areas within a plant, rodent control
devices should be installed along interior walls.
 The contractor or plant personnel shall inspect
and clean the devices at least once a week.

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MAPS STATION
by Asean

 Maps or schematics showing the locations of

the rodent control devices shall be maintained
and kept current.

 A record of the service and cleaning of each

rodent control device shall be maintained in
each device. The service documentation should
include the findings from the device
inspections.

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BIRD CONTROL PRINCIPLE

Pesky birds make bad neighbours because they are a
potential health risk. Bird droppings and bird nests carry
various diseases that can be passed on to people and pets.
Their nests are home to numerous parasites such as mites,
fleas, ticks and pathogens.
The best control is to prevent the birds
from having access to buildings. It is
important to understand the relationship
between birds and their environment.
Bird attractants may be food supplies,
water, special vegetation around
buildings, etc. and these attractants
must be removed or modified.
Toxicants, shooting and trapping may be
used to control birds.
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FLYING PEST CONTROL

Flying pest control program can be described as follow:
Electronic
insect  Birds shall be controlled by exclusion: netting,
control
screening, mechanical traps, if legal and practical.
 Electric flying insect monitors should be used as needed
to identify flying insect entry into the plant. Units
should be installed so that insects are not attracted
from outside the building. Units should not be placed
within 10 feet (3 meters) of exposed product on a
production or packaging line.
 All units should be listed on the Master Cleaning
Schedule for cleanout on a weekly schedule during
peak insect season. They can be cleaned monthly
during off-peak season. Electronic
insect killer
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INSECT & RODENT CONTROL

Insect and rodent control program shall include:
• Facility layout showing pest control and bait stations
• Checklist reflecting the steps and areas to be treated
• Frequency of inspection / treatment
• Responsibilities, in-house/outside agency treatment
• Documentation (i.e. certificate of treatment if done by outside agency
• Report on treatment done and observations noted including
signatures/ approvals
• Cleaning procedures before and after treatment
• List of chemicals used and their concentrations (i.e. 75 ml
crackdown for 5 liters water for cockroach & ant control)
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) available for chemicals used.

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

1. ASEAN Guideline for Cosmetic GMP, 2003

2. WHO Basic Principle of GMP : Sanitation &
Hygiene, 2000
3. Bishop, Basic Principle of Sanitation, N.E.M.
Business Solutions, 1997
4. Health Services Agency, County of Santa
Cruz, Cross Contamination, 1999
5. www.fao.org
6. www.maintenanceconference.com

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Thank You

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