Java Selection Statement –

Scanner Class
• Java supports two selection statements: if and switch.
• These statements allow you to control the flow of your program’s
execution based upon conditions known only during run time.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ScannerDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); // Here we initialize object s for Scanner class.
System.out.print("Enter the first value a : ");
int a = s.nextInt(); // Scan int type value
System.out.print("Enter the second value b : ");
int b = s.nextInt(); // Scan int type value
int sum = a * b;
System.out.println("The addition of a and b : a + b = "+sum);
}
}

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 Scanner Class
• Here we import java.uti.Scanner because the Scanner class is inside util package of
java library. Than we create reference (object) of class Scanner named s.
• "System.in" This is the predefine library which allow user to enter value in any
variable at run time through keyboard.
• Now in Scanner class there are so many different different methods for scaning
different type of values.
• Here are some in-built methods of Scanner class for scanning different types of
values.
• 1. nextByte() for scanning byte type value.
• 2. nextShort() for scanning short type value.
• 3. nextInt() for scanning int type value.
• 4. nextLong() for scanning long type value.
• 5. nextFloat() for scanning floting point value.
• 6. nextDouble() for scanning double type value.
• 7. next() for scanning a string.

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 IF Statement
• The if statement is Java’s conditional branch statement. It can be used to route
program execution through two different paths.
• Syntax :
• if (condition)
• {
• statement1;
• }
•
• When the condition is true the Statement within the if is executed. After that execution
continues with the next statement after the if statement.
• If the condition is false then the statement within the if is not executed and the
execution continues with the statement after the if statement.

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 Assignment 3
• Write a java Program to print the Largest among three numbers using if Statement?
import java.util.Scanner;
class larger1 x2=s.nextInt();
{ System.out.println("En
public static void main(String args[]) ter value for x3 : ");
{ x3=s.nextInt();
int x1,x2,x3;
large = x1;
int large;
Scanner s = new if (x2 > large)
Scanner(System.in); large = x2;
System.out.println("Enter value if (x3 > large)
for x1 : "); large = x3;
x1=s.nextInt(); System.out.println("\n\
System.out.println("Enter value
n\tLargest number = " + large);
for x2 : ");
}
}
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 IF-else statement
Syntax:
if (condition) Write a java program to check whether the given mark is
{ pass or fail using if-else statement?
statement1; import java.util.Scanner;
} class result
else {
public static void main(String args[])
{
{
statement2; Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
} System.out.println("Enter marks : ");
int marks = s.nextInt();
if (marks<40)
System.out.println("\nThe student has failed .. ");
else
System.out.println("\nThe student has Passed .. ");
}
}

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 IF-else-if Ladder

Syntax :
if(condition)
statements;
else if(condition)
statemenst;
else if(condition)
statements;
...
...
else
statements;
Write a java program to accept the day between 0 to 6 based on that it has to
print day between Sunday to Saturday using if-else-if Ladder.

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 IF-else-If Ladder
import java.util.Scanner;
class Day else if (day == 3)
{ {
public static void main(String args[]) System.out.println("\n
{ Wednesday");
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); }
System.out.println("Enet day between 0 to 6
Day = "); else if (day == 4)
int day = s.nextInt(); {
if (day == 0) System.out.println("\n Thursday");
{ }
System.out.println("\n Sunday"); else if (day == 5)
} {
else if (day == 1) System.out.println("\n Friday");
{ }
System.out.println("\n Monday"); else
} {
else if (day == 2) System.out.println("\n Saturday");
{ }
System.out.println("\n Tuesday"); }
} }

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 Nested - IF

Syntax :
if(condition)
{
if(condition)
statements....
else
statements....
}
else
{
if(condition)
statements....
else
statements....
}

Write a java program to accept three values a, b, c from the user and find out
the maxvalue using Nested-if.

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 Nested-IF
import java.util.Scanner; if (a>b)
class MaxValue {
{ if(a>c)
public static void main(String args[]) max=a;
{ else //This else is associate
with this if(a>c)
int a,b,c; max=c;
int max=0; }else //This else is associate
Scanner s = new with this if(a>b)
Scanner(System.in); {
System.out.println("Enter value for a if(b>c)
: "); max=b;
a=s.nextInt(); else //This else is associate
with this if(b>c)
System.out.println("Enter value for b max=c;
: "); }
b=s.nextInt(); System.out.println("\n max value = "
System.out.println("Enter value for c +max);
: "); }
c=s.nextInt(); }

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 Switch Statement
• The switch statement is Java’s multiway branch statement. It
provides an easy way to dispatch execution to different parts of your
code based on the value of an expression.
• Syntax
switch (expression)
{
case value 1 :
statement 1 ; break;
case value 2 :
statement 2 ; break;
...
...
case value N :
statement N ; break;
default :
statements ; break;
}

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 Switch Statement
switch(ch)
import java.util.Scanner; {
public class Calci case 1:
{ ans=a+b;
public static void main(String[] args) System.out.println("a + b = " + ans);
break;
{
case 2:
int a,b,ch; ans=a-b;
double ans; System.out.println("a - b = " + ans);
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); break;
System.out.print("Enter a : "); case 3:
ans=a*b;
a=s.nextInt(); System.out.println("a * b = " + ans);
System.out.print("Enter b : "); break;
b=s.nextInt(); case 4:
System.out.println("Enter 1 for addition"); ans=a/b;
System.out.println("a / b = " + ans);
System.out.println("Enter 2 for subtraction"); break;
System.out.println("Enter 3 for default:
multiplication"); System.out.println("Enter correct choice");
System.out.println("Enter 4 for division"); }
System.out.print("Enter your choice : ");
}
ch=s.nextInt(); }

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 Looping Statements
• Loop repeatedly executes the same set of instructions until a
termination condition is met. Write a java program to print the natural
• While Loop Syntax: number from 1 to 10 using while loop?
class while1
while (condition) {
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
body(statements) of
int i=1;
the loop while(i<=10)
} {
System.out.println("\n" + i);
i++;
}
}
}

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 Do While

• Syntax Write a java program to print the natural

number from 10 to 1 using do while loop?
class dowhile1
do {
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
body of the loop int i=10;
} while (condition); do
{
System.out.println("\n" + i);
i--;
}
while(i>=1);
}
}

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 For-Loop
• The for loop repeats a set of statements a certain number of times until
a condition is matched.

• Syntax Write a java program to print the numbers

from 1 to 9 using for loop?
class forLoop1
for (initialization; {
condition; expression) public static void main(String args[])
{
{ int i;
Set of statements; for (i=0;i<10;i++)
} {
System.out.println("\n"+i);
}
}
}

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 Nested Loop

• Java allows loops to be nested. That is, one

loop may be inside another.
• Write a java program to print the below given
pattern using Nested loop.

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 Nested Loop
class Nested
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<10; i++)
{
for(j=i; j<10; j++)
{
System.out.print(".");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
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 Break Statement

• This statement is used to jump out of a loop.

• Break statement was previously used in switch – case
statements.
• On encountering a break statement within a loop, the
execution continues with the next statement outside the
loop.
• The remaining statements which are after the break and
within the loop are skipped.
• Break statement can also be used with the label of a
statement.

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}
c

Break

class break1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i = 1;
while (i<=10)
{
System.out.println("\n" + i);
i++;
if (i==5)
{
break;
}
}
}
}
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 Continue

• This statement is used only within looping

statements.
• When the continue statement is encountered,
the next iteration starts.
• The remaining statements in the loop are
skipped. The execution starts from the top of
loop again.

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 Continue
class continue1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
if (i%2 == 0)
continue;

System.out.println("\n" + i);
}
}
}
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 Return

• The last control statement is return. The

return statement is used to explicitly return
from a method.
• That is, it causes program control to
transfer back to the caller of the method.
• the return statement immediately
terminates the method in which it is
executed.

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 Return
class Return1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean t = true;
System.out.println("Before the return.");
if(t)
return; // return to caller
System.out.println("This won't execute.");
}
}
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 Java arrays

• To store the data of the same type in the contiguous

memory allocations we use arrays.
• Arrays are always a fixed length abstracted data
structure which can not be altered when required.
• The Array class implicitly extends java.lang.Object so
an array is an instance of Object.

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 Java Array

• Array Decleration

int[]
array_name; //declares
an array of integers
String[] names;
int[][] matrix; //this is an public class Array
array of arrays {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] a = new int[5];
}
}
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 Java Array

• Array Initialization public class array

{
public static void main(String[]
String names[]; args)
names = new String[10]; {
int[] x = new int [101];
for (int i = 0; i<x.length; i++ )
x[i] = i;
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0; i<x.length; i++)
sum += x[i];
System.out.println(sum);
}
}

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 Two Dimension/ Multi
Dimension Array
public class multiarray{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] a2 = new int[10][5];
for (int i=0; i<a2.length; i++) {
for (int j=0; j<a2[i].length; j++) {
a2[i][j] = i;
System.out.print(" " + a2[i][j]);
}
System.out.println("");
}
}
}
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 Features of Oops

• Object
– Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object.
– Ex: chair, pen, table, keyboard, bike etc.

• Class
– Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.

• Inheritance
– Inheritance is a mechanism in which one object acquires all
the properties and behavior of another object. It provides
code reusability.
• Polymorphism
– When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as polymorphism.

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 Features of Oops

• Abstraction
– Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details
and showing only the functionality to the user.
– Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead of
how it does it.
• Encapsulation
– It is a process of wrapping code and data together into a
single unit, for example capsule i.e. mixed of several medicines.

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 Object oriented Programming System

• Object means a real world entity such as pen,

Chair, table etc.
• Object oriented programming is a methodology
or paradigm to design a program using classes
and objects.
• It simplifies the software development and
maintenance by providing some concepts:
– Object, Class, Inheritance, polymorphism,
Abstraction, Encapsulation.

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 Advantages of OOPs
• Oops makes development and maintenance easier.

• OOPs provides data hiding whereas in Procedure-oriented

programming language a global data can be accessed from anywhere.

• OOPs provides ability to stimulate real-world event much more

efficiently.

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 Naming Convention
Naming Convention
is a rule to follow as
you decide what to
name your
identifiers(e.g.,
class, packages,
variables, method
etc.)
Advantages
Java Naming convention
make java code easier to
read themselves and by
others.

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 Object
• An entity that have state and behavior is called as object.
• Ex: Chair, TV, table pent
• Characteristic of Object:
– State : represents the data of an object. (value)
– Behavior : represents the behavior of an object (Functionality)
– Identity: Object identity is typically implemented via a unique ID.
The value of the ID is not visible to the external user, but is used
internally by the JVM to identify each object uniquely.
• Example: pen is an object name is Reynolds color is white etc.,
known as state. Used for writing is its behavior.
• Object is instance of the class. Class is a template or blueprint
from which objects are created.

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 Class

• What is a class?
• A class is a group of objects that has common properties. It is a
template or blueprint from which objects are created..
• A class in java can contain:
– data member
– method
– constructor
– block
– class and interface
• Syntax to declare a class:
class <class_name>
{
data member;
method;
}
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 Class Example
Syntax of class:
public class MyPoint
class classname {
{ int x = 0;
type instance-variable1; int y = 0;
type instance-variable2;
//.... void displayPoint()
type instance-variableN; {
System.out.println("Printing the coordinates");
type methodname1(parameter-list) System.out.println(x + " " + y);
{
}
// body of method
}
public static void main(String args[])
type methodname2(parameter-list) {
{ MyPoint obj; // declaration
// body of method obj = new MyPoint(); // allocation of memory
} to an object
// ... obj.x=10; //access data member using object.
type methodnameN(parameter-list) obj.y=20;
{ obj.displayPoint(); // calling a member method
// body of method }
} }
}

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 Class Example
class Students
{
int rollno;
String name;
void insertRecord(int r, String n)
{
rollno=r;
name=n;
}
void displayInformation()
{
System.out.println(rollno+" "+name);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Students s1=new Students();
Students s2=new Students();
s1.insertRecord(111,"Raaki"); What are the different ways to create
s2.insertRecord(222,"Aryan"); an object in java?
s1.displayInformation(); new keyword
s2.displayInformation();
newInstance() method
}
} clone() method
Factory Method 35
 Anonymous object
• Anonymous means nameless. An object that have no reference is known
as anonymous object. If you want to use the object only once, anonymous
object is a good approach.
class Calculation
{
void fact(int n)
{
int fact=1;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
fact=fact*i;
}
System.out.println("factorial is"+fact);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
new Calculation().fact(5);
}
}
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 Method Overloading

• Class have multiple methods by same name but different

parameter, it is know as Method Overloading.
• Advantage of method overloading
– It increases the readability of the program.
• Different ways to overload the method:
– By Changing number of arguments
– By changing the data type

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 Method Overloading
Changing Number of Arguments
class Calculation1
{
void sum(int a, int b)
{
System.out.println(a+b);
}
void sum(int a, int b, int c)
{
System.out.println(a+b+c);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Calculation1 obj=new Calculation1();
obj.sum(10,10,10);
obj.sum(20,20);
}
}
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 Method Overloading
Changing data type of argument
class Calculation2
{
void sum(int a, int b) Can we overload the method by
{ changing the return type?
System.out.println(a+b);
} Ans.: We cannot overload the
void sum(double a, double b) method by changing the return
{ type , because ambiguity may
System.out.println(a+b); occur.
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Calculation2 obj=new Calculation2();
obj.sum(10.5,10.5);
obj.sum(20,20);
}
}
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 Constructor
• Constructor in java is a special type of method that is used to
initialize the object.
• Java constructor is invoked at the time of object creation. It
constructs the values i.e. provides data for the object that is why it is
known as constructor.
• Rules for creating java constructor
– There are basically two rules defined for the constructor.
– Constructor name must be same as its class name
– Constructor must have no explicit return type

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 Default Constructor
• A constructor that have no parameter is known as default constructor.
• Purpose:
– Default constructor provides the default values to the object like 0, null etc. depending on the

type .
Syntax of default constructor: <class_name>(){}

class Bike1{
Bike1(){System.out.println("Bike is created");}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike1 b=new Bike1();
}
}

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 Non-Parameterized Constructor
class Point1
{
int x;
int y;
Point1() //constructor of class
{
x = 10;
y = 20;
}
void display()
{
System.out.println("\n\n\t-----Printing the coordinates-----");
System.out.println("\t\t\t" + x + " " + y);
}
}
class pointDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Point1 p1 = new Point1(); // constructor will be call automatically from here
p1.display();
}
}
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 Parameterized Constructor
import java.util.Scanner;
class Point2
{
int x;
int y;
Point2(int a, int b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}
void display()
{
System.out.println("\n\n\t-----Printing the coordinates-----");
System.out.println("\t\t\t" + x + " " + y);
}
}

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 Parameterized Constructor

class pointDemo1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i,k;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter int value for i : ");
i = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter int value for k : ");
k = s.nextInt();
Point2 p1 = new Point2(i,k);
p1.display();
}
}

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 Constructor Overloading
• Constructor overloading is a technique in Java in which a class can
have any number of constructors that differ in parameter lists.
class Student5{
int id;
String name;
int age;
public static void main(String args[]){
Student5(int i,String n){ Student5 s1 = new Student5(111,"Kara
id = i; n");
name = n; Student5 s2 = new Student5(222,"Arya
} n",25);
Student5(int i,String n,int a){ s1.display();
id = i; s2.display();
name = n; }
age=a;
}
}
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+nam
e+" "+age);}

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 Copy Constructor
• There is no copy constructor in java. But, we can copy the values of one
object to another like copy constructor in C++.
• There are many ways to copy the values of one object into another in java.
They are:
– By constructor
– By assigning the values of one object into another
– By clone() method of Object class

class Student6{
int id; public static void main(String args[]){
String name;
Student6(int i,String n){
Student6 s1 = new Student6(111,"Karan")
id = i; ;
name = n;
}
Student6 s2 = new Student6(s1);
s1.display();
Student6(Student6 s){ s2.display();
id = s.id;
name =s.name; }
} }
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}

46
Constructor Vs Method

47
 Interview Questions

• What is constructor?
– Constructor is just like a method that is used to initialize the state of an object. It is
invoked at the time of object creation.

• What is the purpose of default constructor?

– The default constructor provides the default values to the objects. The
java compiler creates a default constructor only if there is no constructor in
the class.

• Does constructor return any value?

– yes, that is current instance (You cannot use return type yet it returns a value).

• Is constructor inherited?
– No, constructor is not inherited.

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