Final Presentation

Instructor:
Mrs. Joy Dumlao

MARC LUGTU
MESHELLE TAMAYO
LEVI CALAYAG
(1st year-ADT Students)
What are the Mechanical
Properties?
☺Strength
☺Hardness
☺Toughness
☺Elasticity
☺Plasticity
☺Brittleness
☺Ductility
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Strength, hardness, toughness,
elasticity, plasticity, brittleness, and
ductility and malleability are
mechanical properties used as
measurements of how metals behave
under a load. These properties are
described in terms of the types of force
or stress that the metal must withstand
and how these are resisted.
Mechanical Properties of Metals & Alloys:
Strength is the property that enables a metal
to resist deformation under load. The
ultimate strength is the maximum strain a
material can withstand. Tensile strength is a
measurement of the resistance to being
pulled apart when placed in a tension load.
Fatigue strength is the ability of material to
resist various kinds of rapidly changing
stresses and is expressed by the magnitude
of alternating stress for a specified number
of cycles.
Impact strength is the ability of a metal to
resist suddenly applied loads and is
measured in foot-pounds of force.
Hardness is the property of a material to resist permanent
indentation. Because there are several methods of measuring
hardness, the hardness of a material is always specified in
terms of the particular test that was used to measure this
property. Rockwell, Vickers, or Brinell are some of the methods
of testing. Of these tests, Rockwell is the one most frequently
used. The basic principle used in the Rockwell testis that a
hard material can penetrate a softer one. We then measure the
amount of penetration and compare it to a scale. For ferrous
metals, which are usually harder than nonferrous metals, a
diamond tip is used and the hardness is indicated by a
Rockwell "C" number. On nonferrous metals, that are softer, a
metal ball is used and the hardness is indicated by a Rockwell
"B" number. To get an idea of the property of hardness,
compare lead and steel. Lead can be scratched with a pointed
wooden stick but steel cannot because it is harder than lead.
A full explanation of the various methods used to determine the
hardness of a material is available in commercial books or
books located in your base library.
Toughness is the property that enables
a material to withstand shock and to be
deformed without rupturing. Toughness
may be considered as a combination of
strength and plasticity. Table 1-2 shows
the order of some of the more common
materials for toughness as well as
other properties.
When a material has a load applied to
it, the load causes the material to
deform. Elasticity is the ability of a
material to return to its original shape
after the load is removed. Theoretically,
the elastic limit of a material is the limit
to which a material can be loaded and
still recover its original shape after the
load is removed.
Plasticity is the ability of a material to deform
permanently without breaking or rupturing.
This property is the opposite of strength. By
careful alloying of metals, the combination of
plasticity and strength is used to
manufacture large structural members. For
example, should a member of a bridge
structure become overloaded, plasticity
allows the overloaded member to flow
allowing the distribution of the load to other
parts of the bridge structure.
Brittleness is the opposite of the
property of plasticity. A brittle metal is
one that breaks or shatters before it
deforms. White cast iron and glass are
good examples of brittle material.
Generally, brittle metals are high in
compressive strength but low in tensile
strength. As an example, you would not
choose cast iron for fabricating support
beams in a bridge.
Ductility is the property that enables a
material to stretch, bend, or twist without
cracking or breaking. This property makes it
possible for a material to be drawn out into a
thin wire. In comparison, malleability is the
property that enables a material to deform by
compressive forces without developing
defects. A malleable material is one that can
be stamped, hammered, forged, pressed, or
rolled into thin sheets.
Ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often
characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a
similar property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this
is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by
hammering or rolling. Both of these mechanical properties are aspects of
plasticity, the extent to which a solid material can be plastically deformed
without fracture.
Ductility and malleability are not always
coextensive – for instance, while gold is
both ductile and malleable, lead is only
malleable.The word ductility is sometimes
used to embrace both types of plasticity.
Mechanical Properties components are
designed to meet structural criteria in many
applications.It is possible to produce
sintered structural or mechanical parts with
properties equal to and even superior to
those of parts made by more traditional
routes.
The structural performance of a Mechanical
Properties component usually depends on
several mechanical properties either alone
or in combination.
strength
Compressive strength
Tensile strength
Yield strength
Flexural strength
Shear strength
Density
Fatigue limit
Flexural modulus
Fracture toughness
Plasticity (physics)
Poisson's ratio
Shear modulus
Shear strain
Specific modulus
Specific weight
Young's modulus
coefficient of friction
(also depends on surface finish)
Compressive strength is the capacity of a material
or structure to withstand axially directed pushing
forces. When the limit of compressive strength is
reached, materials,are crushed. Concrete can be
made to have high compressive strength, e.g.
many concrete structures have compressive
strengths in excess of 50 MPa, whereas a material
such as soft sandstone may have a compressive
strength as low as 5 or 10 MPa.
Measuring the compressive strength of a steel drum
Compressive strength is
often measured on a
universal testing
machine; these range
from very small table
top systems to ones
with over 53 MN
capacity.
The mass density or density of a material is defined
as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often
used for density is ρ (the Greek letter rho). In some
cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas
industry), density is also defined as its weight per
unit volume;although, this quantity is more properly
called specific weight. Different materials usually
have different densities, so density is an important
concept regarding buoyancy, purity and packaging.
Osmium and iridium are the densest known metal
elements at standard conditions for temperature and
pressure but not the densest materials.
Poisson's ratio (ν), named after Siméon Poisson, is
the ratio, when a sample object is stretched, of the
contraction or transverse strain (perpendicular to
the applied load), to the extension or axial strain (in
the direction of the applied load).
When a material is compressed in one direction, it
usually tends to expand in the other two directions
perpendicular to the direction of compression. This
phenomenon is called the Poisson effect. Poisson's
ratio ν (nu) is a measure of the Poisson effect. The
Poisson ratio is the ratio of the fraction (or percent)
of expansion divided by the fraction (or percent) of
compression, for small values of these changes.
Fatigue can be defined as progressive
fracture. It occurs when a mechanical
part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic
stress, such as vibration. Even when
the maximum stress never exceeds the
elastic limit, failure of the material can
occur even after a short time. With
some metals, such as titanium alloys,
fatigue can be avoided by keeping the
cyclic force below a certain level.
I. Identification
______1. These properties are described in terms of the types of force or stress
that the metal must withstand and how these are resisted.
______2. It is the property that enables a metal to resist deformation under
load. The ultimate strength is the maximum strain a material can
withstand.
______3. It is the property of a material to resist permanent indentation.
Because there are several methods of measuring this, the material is
always specified in terms of the particular test that was used to
measure this property.
______5. It is the property that enables a material to withstand shock and to be
deformed without rupturing.
______6. It is the ability of a material to return to its original shape after the
load is removed.
______7. It the ability of a material to deform permanently without breaking or
rupturing.
______8. It is the opposite of the property of plasticity. A brittle metal is one
that breaks or shatters before it deforms.
______9. It is the property that enables a material to stretch, bend, or twist
without cracking or breaking.
______10. The s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of a PM component usually
depends on several mechanical properties either alone or in
combination.
II. Enumeration
1-7. What are the Mechanical Properties?

8-10. Give the complete names of the Reporters.
(WRONG SPELLING,WRONG)☺
III. Essay (for 5 points)

♥Discuss abot “Mechanical Properties.

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Final Presentation

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Instructor:

Mrs. Joy Dumlao

1-7. What are the Mechanical Properties?

III. Essay (for 5 points)

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