Presentation 12

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ATO M I C S T RU C T U R E

• Includes: protons (positive), neutrons


(no charge), electrons (negative).
• Carbon: 6 protons, 6 electrons, 6
neutrons. >> 2 shells and each shell
represent different energy level.
• Helium: 1 shell and 1 energy level. >>
1 shell can only have 2 electrons,
helium is stable.
• Hydrogen: have only 1 sell and 1
electrons and its chemically reactive.
• Atomic number is the number of protons.
• Atomic mass is the average number of protons and
neutrons.
• Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons
of a specific isotope of an atom.
FORCES,
FRICTION,
HEIGHT
N E W TO N ’ S
L A W.
A force can give energy to an object causing.

Start moving

Stop moving

Change direction of motion.


• Friction
- Static friction : force of static friction = applied force. #
it ends with the beginning of sliding of the object at rest.
- Sliding friction : force of sliding friction = constant pull
force
- Rolling friction
- Fluid friction
Object will remain at rest or in a uniform Acceleration of an object depends on the
motion in straight line unless acted upon by an mass of the object and the amount of force
external unbalanced force. applied.
An object will continue to
- Newton 1st law remain at rest or uniform
motion.

That the rate of change of


momentum of an object
- Newton 2nd law is directly proportional to
the unbalanced force in
the direction of force.

For every action there is


- Newton 3rd law an equal and opposite
reaction.

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