SOCIAL SCIENCE - Anthropology
SOCIAL SCIENCE - Anthropology
SOCIAL SCIENCE - Anthropology
of
Anthropolo
gy
Greek Word
Anthropos
(human) Logos
(study)
It is a social science discipline which includes everything
about human – from their biological and evolutionary past, to
ways of life and traditions that they uphold
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
The Rise of Empires and States
When Greeks
defeated
Persians in 479
BCE, Herodotus
encountered
plurality of
cultures and
people.
The Rise of Empires and States
He used scientific
approach and he also
based his argument
on logical reasoning
and detailed
documentation of the
traits of the
Ibn Khaldun
civilizations.
(14th Century)
Dawn of Colonialism and Imperialism
• European Explorers
seek new
territories.
• Western – Centric
Analysis and
Eurocentric View.
Age of Exploration
15th – 18th Century
Dawn of Colonialism and Imperialism
In his book
Discourse on
Inequality he said
that “Primitive
societies” can later
on be expected to
progress toward the
Jean Jacques Rousseau stage of civilized
1712 – 1778 societies, just like
Dawn of Colonialism and Imperialism
He germinated the
term noble savage,
which would pervade
the discourses in
the discipline of
anthropology until
the 20th century.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
1712 – 1778
Dawn of Colonialism and Imperialism
Global powers
situated in Europe
(Belgium, England,
France, Portugal,
Spain and the
Netherlands) were
in the race to
extend their
18th – 19th Century political and
economic control
Important personalities of
anthropology
Father of Cultural
Anthropology
He defined
anthropology as the
“science of culture”.
Culture is that
complex whole which
includes knowledge,
belief, art. Morals,
law, custom, and any
other capabilities
and habits acquired
Edward Burnett Tylorby man as a member of
1832 - 1917 society.
Important personalities of
anthropology
A lawyer by training
and profession, who
became fascinated
with the disputes
between the United
States government and
American Indian
people known as theLewis Henry Morgan
Iroqious. 1818 - 1881
Important personalities of
anthropology
He embraced the
Darwanist approach.
His version of
social/cultural
evolution presents
three stages of
societal development
based on theLewis Henry Morgan
progression of 1818 - 1881
Important personalities of
anthropology
Barbaric societies
are defined by the
practice of
metallurgy,
domestication of
animals, and
agriculture. Lewis Henry Morgan
1818 - 1881
Important personalities of
anthropology
Civilized societies
are characterized by
development and a
system of writing.
In his evolutionary
stance on societal
development, he argued
that culture is not a
by-product of a human
group’s physical
characteristics but
Franz Boas affected by various
1858 - 1942 factors like
Important personalities of
anthropology
He gave importance to
actual fieldwork
rather than the
armchair anthropology.
Franz Boas
1858 - 1942
Important personalities of
anthropology
FATHER OF AMERICAN
ANTHROPOLOGY
• He considered
archaeology,
biological,
cultural, and
linguistic data to
Franz Boas understand culture.
1858 - 1942
Important personalities of
anthropology
FATHER OF AMERICAN
ANTHROPOLOGY
• Developed the theory
of historical
particularism.
• Founded the first
department of
anthropology in the
Franz Boas United States at
1858 - 1942 Columbia University.
Important personalities of
anthropology
FATHER OF AMERICAN
ANTHROPOLOGY
• He trained future
influential scholars
of the discipline.
Franz Boas
1858 - 1942
THE FIELDS OF
ANTHROPOLOG
Y
Biological/physical anthropology
It is a field that
is engaged in
understanding
humans and their
nature as an animal
Linguistic Anthropology
Studies the
life ways and
traditions of
human groups
which may
include their
belief
systems,
economic
activites,
Key concepts
of
anthropology
EVOLUTIONISM
The totality of
the life ways of
a group of
people which may
include their
tradition,
beliefs, norms,
and mores that
guide the
people’s
behavior within
RESEARCH METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY
ETHNOGRAPHY
The researchers
collects data from
individuals who
are knowledgeable
in the topic.
Participant observation method
It entails the
process of actual
duty encounters
with the locals of
an anthropologists
area of study.
Current Application of Anthropology
Forensic anthropology
It is concerned
with the
identification
of
unrecognizable
remains of human
that may have
been burned,
mutilated, or
decomposed.
Medical anthropology
It is concerned
with the process
by which culture
influences
people’s ways of
seeking health
care and well-
being
Public anthropology
Finds its
significance as
it allows the
general
population to
access
anthropological
explanations to
issues the