Chapter 10 Consciousness 1

CONSCIOUSNESS
Chapter 10
OBJECTIVES
 Define the meaning of  Familiarize of how many
consciousness hours do people sleep
 Understand the levels of  Explain the sleep disorder
consciousness  Understand circadian
 Define conscious level of rhythms body clock
awareness  Define dream
 Understand sleeping  Discuss the different
 Discuss the beginning the theories of dream
sleep  Familiarize facts about
 Explain the different stages dream
of sleep
CONSCIOUSNESS
• Refers to the individuals awareness of
his/her thoughts, memories, feelings,
sensations, and environment.
• Conscious experience is constantly
shifting and changing.
Five level of consciousness:
1. Conscious
2. Preconscious
3. Subconscious
4. Unconscious
5. Non-Conscious
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• CONSCIOUS – it refers to your active
awareness.
• PRECONSCIOUS – stores memories that
you do not have a use for at the present
moment but that you can retrieve in the
future if needed.
• SUBCONSCIOUS – handles the information
and mental processes needed to perform
routine activities that do not require
conscious thought.
• UNCONSCIOUS – stores those memories
you are unaware of.
• NON-CONSCIOUS – stores information that
you are not aware of but is necessary for
you to live out your daily life.
Altered state of the conscious level of
awareness
o Alcohol when intoxicated o Mental disorder or
o Sleep mental illness
o Dream o Psychoactive drug
o Hypnosis use or the use of
prescription
o Meditation
SLEEPING
• Sleep isn’t exactly a time when
your body and brain shut off. While
you rest, your brain stays busy,
overseeing a wide variety of
biological maintenance that keeps
your body running on top
condition, preparing you for the
day ahead.
TWO TYPES OF SLEEP
• Non-Rapid Eye
Movement (NREM) Sleep
(quite/dreamless sleep)
• Rapid Eye Movement
(REM) Sleep (active sleep
or paradoxical sleep)
THE BEGINNING OF SLEEP
During the earliest phases of sleep, you are still relatively awake and
alert. The brain produces what are known as beta waves, which are small
and fast. As the brain begins to relax and slow down, slower waves known
as alpha waves are produced. During this time when you are not quite
asleep, you may experience strange and extremely vivid sensations know
as hypnologic hallucinations (sleep halluciantions).
Another very common event during this period is known as a myoclonic
jerk (caused by sudden muscle contractions).
STAGES OF SLEEP
Stage 1
• The beginning of the sleep cycle, and is relatively light stage of sleep
• Stage 1 can be considered a transition period between wakefulness and
sleep.
• This period of sleep last only a brief time ( around 5-10 minutes).
• If you awaken someone during this stage, they might report that they
weren’t really asleep
STAGES OF SLEEP
Stage 2
• Is the second stage of sleep and lasts for approximately

20 minutes.
• Body temperature starts to decrease and heart rate
begins to slow
STAGES OF SLEEP
Stage 3
• Deep, slow brain waves known as delta waves begin
to emerge during stage 3 sleep.
• Stage 3 is transitional period between light sleep
and a very deep sleep.
STAGES OF SLEEP
Stage 4
• Is sometimes referred to as delta sleep because of the
slow brain waves known as delta waves that occur during
this time
• Stage 4 is a deep sleep that lasts for approximately 30
minutes.
• Bed-wetting and sleep walking are most likely to occur at
the end of stage 4.
STAGES OF SLEEP
Stage 5
• Most dreaming occurs during the 5th stage of sleep,
known as Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.
• REM sleep is characterized by eye movement, increase
respiration rate and increase brain activity.
• REM Sleep is also referred to a paradoxical sleep because
while the brain and other body system become more
active, muscles more relaxed.
• Dreaming occurs due because of increased brain activity
How many hours of sleep
do you need?
SLEEP DISORDERS
• Dyssomnias – Primary disorders difficulty initiating or
maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness
characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality,
or timing of sleep.
• Parasomnias – Disorders characterized by abnormal
behavioral or physiological events occurring in
association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-
wake transitions.
Dyssomnias
• INSOMIA – difficulty falling asleep
• SLEEP APNEA - the disorder cause people to
stop breathing abruptly while they are asleep.
• NARCOLEPSY – is a neurological sleep disorder
that leads to periods of intense sleepiness
during the daytime.
Parasomnias
• SLEEP WALKING – “somnambulism”;
characterized by periods of getting out of bed
while asleep
• NIGHT TERRORS – “pavor nocturnus”
characterized by excessive sweating, shaking and
obvious fear
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS: THE BODY CLOCK
• The circadian rhythm refer
the cycle of physiological
and biological processes
that fluctuate on a roughly
24-hour timetable.
THEORIES OF DREAMS
•Psychoanalytic Perspective
•Activation-Synthesis Model
of Dreaming
Psychoanalytic Perspective
• Manifest Content – made up of the actual

images, thought and content contained
within the dream.
• Latent Content – represents the hidden
psychological meaning of the dream
ACTIVATION: SYNTHESIS MODEL OF DREAMING
• Dreams have meanings
• Dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external
stimuli during asleep
• Dreams serve to “clean-up” clutter from the mind
• Dreams functions as a form of psychotherapy
• A contemporary model of dreaming combines some elements f
various theories
FACTS ABOUT DREAMS
• EVERYBODY DREAMS
• BUT YOU FORGET MOST OF YOUR DREAMS
• NOT ALL DREAMS ARE IN COLOR
• MEN AND WOMEN DREAM DIFFERENTLY
• ANIMALS PROBABLY DREAM
FACTS ABOUT DREAMS
• YOU CAN CONTROL YOUR DREAMS
• NEGATIVE EMOTIONS ARE MORE COMMON ON
DREAMS
• BLIND PEOPLE DREAM
• YOU ARE PARALIZED DURING YOUR DREAM
• MANY DREAMS ARE UNIVERSAL

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What are the different levels of consciousness?

What are the two main types of sleep?

CONSCIOUSNESS

• Is the second stage of sleep and lasts for approximately

• Manifest Content – made up of the actual

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