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    Mendelian and Non Mendelian Genetics

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    Noele Purificacion
    This document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and how they led to the development of the idea of genes and Mendelian inheritance. It covers key concepts such as genes, alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It also discusses different patterns of inheritance including incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits. Mendel's work established the basic principles of heredity and laid the foundation for modern genetics.

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    Mendelian and Non Mendelian Genetics

    Uploaded by

    Noele Purificacion
    122 views27 pages
    This document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and how they led to the development of the idea of genes and Mendelian inheritance. It covers key concepts such as genes, alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It also discusses different patterns of inheritance including incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits. Mendel's work established the basic principles of heredity and laid the foundation for modern genetics.

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    This document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and how they led to the development of the idea of genes and Mendelian inheritance. It covers key concepts such as genes, alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It also discusses different patterns of inheritance including incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits. Mendel's work established the basic principles of heredity and laid the foundation for modern genetics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    122 views27 pages

    Mendelian and Non Mendelian Genetics

    Uploaded by

    Noele Purificacion
    This document discusses Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants and how they led to the development of the idea of genes and Mendelian inheritance. It covers key concepts such as genes, alleles, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes. It also discusses different patterns of inheritance including incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked traits. Mendel's work established the basic principles of heredity and laid the foundation for modern genetics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Mendel and The Idea of Gene

    Mendel and The Idea of Gene


    Mendelian Genetics
    • Mendelian Genetics
    Studies Mendelian
    Traits
    • Many human traits
    follow a mendelian
    pattern of inheritance
    • http://www.ncbi.nih.go
    v (Online Mendelian
    Inheritance in Man)
    Where Are Genes Located?
    What is a Chromosome?
    What is a Chromosome?
    Sexual Reproduction and Fertilization: How
    We Inherit Genes
    Some Genetic Terms

    • Genes are instructions for producing a trait


    • Locus is the spot each genes has on a chromosome
    • Diploid cells have two genes (a gene pair) for each trait,
    each on a homologous chromosome
    • Alleles are various molecular forms of a gene encoding
    for the same trait (i.e. flower color)
    Some Genetic Terms

    • In a homozygous condition, both alleles are the same


    • In a heterozygous condition, the alleles differ
    • For a given Mendelian trait, there is a dominant allele
    and a recessive allele
    • In a heterozygous condition, a Mendelian trait would
    consist of a dominant allele (D) and a recessive allele (d)
    Genotype and Phenotype

    RR, homozygous dominant


    R R genotype

    R r Rr, heterozygous genotype

    rr, homozygous recessive


    r r genotype
    This is a/an genotype

    33% 33% 33%


    r r

    1. homozygous
    dominant
    2. homozygous
    recessive
    3. heterozygous
    Mendel’s Experiments with Peas
    Mendel’s Theory of Inheritance of
    Traits. Monohybrid Cross
    • Unless mutations occur,
    Mendelian traits are
    inherited in a predictable
    fashion
    • F1: 100% purple, as they
    exhibit the dominant
    phenotype. The
    recessive traits is masked
    by the dominant gene
    • F2: 75% purple, 25%
    white (phenotypic ratio=
    3:1). The recessive
    phenotype appears in the
    F2
    Mendel’s Experiments with
    Mendelian Traits
    Mendel’s Theory of Inheritance of
    Traits. Monohybrid Cross
    Mendelian Traits. Pedigrees
    Mendelian Traits in Humans

    Recessive phenotype: Albinism Dominant phenotype: Achondroplasia


    Mendel’s Theory of Inheritance of
    Traits. Dihybrid Cross
    Incomplete Dominance

    Incomplete Dominance in Carnation Coloration


    Incomplete Dominance
    • CR CR: Red Petals

    • CR CW : Pink Petals

    • CW CW: WhitePetals
    This is a/an genotype

    33% 33% 33%

    1. homozygous
    dominant
    2. homozygous
    recessive
    3. heterozygous
    Codominance. Human Blood Types

    Codominance is a
    condition where two
    non-identical alleles
    of a pair specify two
    different phenotypes,
    yet one cannot mask
    the expression of the
    other (blood types in
    humans)
    Blood types in
    humans are an
    example of a multiple
    allele system
    Codominance. Human Blood Types

    “A” gives to A,
    receives from A and O

    “B” gives to B,
    receives from B and O

    “AB” gives to AB,


    receives from A, B,
    and O

    “O” gives to all blood


    types, receives only
    from O
    Sex Determination and Sex-Linked
    Traits
    • Out of the 23 pairs of
    chromosomes, one
    pair contains the sex
    chromosomes. The
    non-sex
    chromosomes are
    referred to as
    autosomes
    • Females are XX
    • Males are XY
    Sex Determination and Sex-Linked
    Traits
    • How is sex
    determined?
    Sex Determination and Sex-Linked
    Traits
    • Besides sex information,
    there are almost 80,000
    genes in the X
    chromosome, and about
    90 in the Y chromosome
    • Traits and genes linked to
    the X chromosome are
    referred to as “X-linked.”
    • Traits and genes linked to
    the Y chromosome are
    referred to as “Y-linked.”
    X-Linked Traits
    • Genes linked to the X
    chromosome that
    produce disease or
    certain conditions, are
    mostly recessive
    (colorblindness,
    haemophilia,
    baldness)
    X-Linked Traits: Haemophilia

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