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Concept of Stress
Prof Dr Ijaz Ahmad Chaudhry
Post Doc, Mechanical Manufacturing (University of Newcastle
Upon Tyne, UK),
PhD, DIC, Computer Aided Manufacturing, Imperial College
of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK,
M Eng Energy Technology , Asian Institute of Technology
Bangkok, Thailand,
B Sc Mechanical Engineering UET Lahore.
DEAN
School Of Engineering
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Mechanics of Materials
Objective:
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Contents:
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies, Deformation, Strain,
General stress-strain relationships, Elastic load-
deformation behaviour of materials, Lateral strain,
Thermal strain, Bending: Pure bending, Moment-curvature
Relationship, Beam Deflection; Torsion and Twisting,
Energy Methods, Stress and strain transformations, Mohr’s
stress/strain circle, Stress and strain transformation in
composites, Yield and failure criteria of materials.
Recommended Books:
Mechanics of Material. Beer, Johnston and Dewolf
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Reference Books:
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Evaluation
Mid Term 25%
End Term 50%
Assignments and Quizzes 25%
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Why do we study Mechanics of Materials?
Anyone concerned with the strength and physical performance of natural/man-made
structures should study Mechanics of Materials
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Introduction to Mechanics of Materials
Definition: Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that
deals with the behaviour of solid bodies subjected to various types of
loading
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Concept of Stress
• The main objective of the study of mechanics
of materials is to provide the future engineer
with the means of analyzing and designing
various machines and load bearing structures.
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Review of Statics
• The structure is designed to
support a 30 kN load
• The structure consists of a
boom and rod joined by pins
(zero moment connections)
at the junctions and supports
• Perform a static analysis to
determine the internal force in
each structural member and
the reaction forces at the
supports
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Structure Free-Body Diagram
• Structure is detached from supports
and the loads and reaction forces are
indicated
• Conditions for static equilibrium:
M C 0 Ax 0.6 m 30 kN 0.8 m
Ax 40 kN
Fx 0 Ax C x
C x Ax 40 kN
Fy 0 Ay C y 30 kN 0
Ay C y 30 kN
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Component Free-Body Diagram
• In addition to the complete structure,
each component must satisfy the
conditions for static equilibrium
• Consider a free-body diagram for the
boom: M B 0 Ay 0.8 m
Ay 0
substitute into the structure
equilibrium equation
C y 30 kN
• Results:
A 40 kN C x 40 kN C y 30 kN
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Method of Joints
• The boom and rod are 2-force members,
i.e., the members are subjected to only two
forces which are applied at member ends
• For equilibrium, the forces must be parallel
to to an axis between the force application
points, equal in magnitude, and in opposite
directions
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Stress Analysis
Can the structure safely support the 30 kN
load?
• From a statics analysis
FAB = 40 kN (compression)
FBC = 50 kN (tension)
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Design
• Design of new structures requires selection of
appropriate materials and component
dimensions to meet performance
requirements
• For reasons based on cost, weight, availability,
etc., the choice is made to construct the rod
from aluminum ( s all= 100 MPa). What is an
appropriate choice for the rod diameter?
P P 50 103 N
all A 500 10 6 m 2
A all 100 106 Pa
d2
A
4
d
4A
4 500 10 6 m 2
2.52 10 2 m 25.2 mm
P F P F
ave ave
A A A 2A
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Bearing Stress in Connections
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Stress in Two Force Members
• Axial forces on a two force
member result in only normal
stresses on a plane cut
perpendicular to the member
axis.
• Transverse forces on bolts and
pins result in only shear
stresses on the plane
perpendicular to bolt or pin
axis.
• Will show that either axial or
transverse forces may produce both
normal and shear stresses with
respect to a plane other than one cut
perpendicular to the member axis.
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Stress on an Oblique Plane
• Pass a section through the member
forming an angle q with the normal
• plane.
From equilibrium conditions, the
distributed forces (stresses) on the plane
must be equivalent to the force P.
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Stress Under General
•
Loadings
A member subjected to a general
combination of loads is cut into
two segments by a plane passing
through Q
V yx Vzx
xy lim xz lim
A0 A A 0 A
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