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    Universal Gates: Digital Electronics Bca Sem Ii Jims

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    dinesh sharma
    The document discusses the universal properties of NAND and NOR gates that allow them to be used to implement any logical function. It explains that a NAND gate can act as an inverter, two NAND gates can act as an AND gate using involution, and three NAND gates can act as an OR gate using De Morgan's theorem. Similarly, a NOR gate can act as an inverter, two NOR gates can act as an OR gate, and three NOR gates can act as an AND gate. The document provides examples of implementing logical expressions using only NAND gates by first converting them to sum-of-products form. It also discusses implementing logical expressions using only NOR gates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Universal Gates: Digital Electronics Bca Sem Ii Jims

    Uploaded by

    dinesh sharma
    53 views34 pages
    The document discusses the universal properties of NAND and NOR gates that allow them to be used to implement any logical function. It explains that a NAND gate can act as an inverter, two NAND gates can act as an AND gate using involution, and three NAND gates can act as an OR gate using De Morgan's theorem. Similarly, a NOR gate can act as an inverter, two NOR gates can act as an OR gate, and three NOR gates can act as an AND gate. The document provides examples of implementing logical expressions using only NAND gates by first converting them to sum-of-products form. It also discusses implementing logical expressions using only NOR gates.

    Original Description:

    properties and implimantation of universal gates

    Original Title

    Universal Gates (1)

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    The document discusses the universal properties of NAND and NOR gates that allow them to be used to implement any logical function. It explains that a NAND gate can act as an inverter, two NAND gates can act as an AND gate using involution, and three NAND gates can act as an OR gate using De Morgan's theorem. Similarly, a NOR gate can act as an inverter, two NOR gates can act as an OR gate, and three NOR gates can act as an AND gate. The document provides examples of implementing logical expressions using only NAND gates by first converting them to sum-of-products form. It also discusses implementing logical expressions using only NOR gates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    53 views34 pages

    Universal Gates: Digital Electronics Bca Sem Ii Jims

    Uploaded by

    dinesh sharma
    The document discusses the universal properties of NAND and NOR gates that allow them to be used to implement any logical function. It explains that a NAND gate can act as an inverter, two NAND gates can act as an AND gate using involution, and three NAND gates can act as an OR gate using De Morgan's theorem. Similarly, a NOR gate can act as an inverter, two NOR gates can act as an OR gate, and three NOR gates can act as an AND gate. The document provides examples of implementing logical expressions using only NAND gates by first converting them to sum-of-products form. It also discusses implementing logical expressions using only NOR gates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Universal Gates

    Digital Electronics
    BCA Sem II
    JIMS

    1
    • NAND Gate as an Inverter
    The Universal Property of
    NAND Gates
    • NAND Gate as an Inverter
    • Since A.A = A therefore (A.A)' = A'
    • Two NAND Gates as an AND Gate
    The Universal Property of
    NAND Gates
    • Two NAND Gates as an AND Gate
    • To create an AND gate we apply the Involution
    • law,
    • (A')' = A
    • Three NAND Gates as an OR Gate
    The Universal Property of
    NAND Gates
    • Three NAND Gates as an OR Gate
    • To make an OR gate we need to apply de
    • Morgan's theorem:
    • A+B = (A' . B')'
    NAND / NOR GATE
    IMPLEMENTATION
    :

    1) IMPLEMENT NOT,OR AND GATE USING


    NAND / NOR GATE

    2) REMOVE ANY TWO CASCADED INVERTERS


    FROM THE LOGIC DIAGRAM

    8
    Implementation using NAND
    gates
     Possible to implement any Boolean expression using
    NAND gates.
    Procedure:
    (i) Obtain sum-of-products Boolean expression:
    e.g. F3 = xy'+x'z
    (ii) Use DeMorgan theorem to obtain expression
    using 2-level NAND gates
    e.g. F3 = xy'+x'z
    = (xy'+x'z)' ' involution
    = ((xy')' . (x'z)')' DeMorgan
    xy' + x'z
    x
    xy'

    y'
    y
    xy' + x'z

    x' (x'z
    z )'
    x
    (xy')'

    y'
    xy' + x'z

    x' (x'z)'
    z
    Implementation using NAND gates

    x
    (xy')'
    y'
    F3
    x'
    (x'z)'
    z

    F3 = ((xy')'.(x'z)') ' = xy' + x'z


    NAND Gate Equivalent to Gates
    AND OR
    INVERTER

    13
    • Y= B’C’+A’C’+A’B’ USING BASIC GATES
    • Y= [A+B][A’+C][B+D] USING BASIC
    GATES
    • Y= [AB]’ + A + [B+C]’ USING NAND
    GATES
    NAND Implementation
    Example:
    Design a NAND Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the circuit
    shown below.

    BC A C

    17
    NAND Implementation
    Solution – Step 3

    Redraw the circuit.

    18
    NAND Implementation
    Solution – Step 4

    Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

    19
    NAND Implementation
    Solution – Step 5

    Redraw the circuit.

    20
    Proof of Equivalence

    C BC

    BCAC

    Z BCAC
    AC
    Z BCA C

    21
    REALISE XNOR equation = A’B’ + AB USING
    NAND

    REALISE XOR equation = A’B + AB’ USING


    NAND
    XNOR equation = A’B’ + AB
    XOR equation = A’B + AB’’
    [((CD)’e’)’. (ab’)’]’’ = [ ((CD)’e’)’. (ab’)’]

    =((cd)’’+e’’) (ab’)’ =(cd+e) (a’+b)

    (ab’)’

    (cd)’ [((cd)’e’)’. (ab’)’]’’

    e’
    ((CD)’e’)’ [((CD)’e’)’. (ab’)’]’
    The Universal Property of NOR
    Gates
    • NOR Gate as an Inverter
    The Universal Property of NOR
    Gates
    • Two NOR Gates as an OR Gate
    The Universal Property of NOR
    Gates
    • Three NOR Gates as an AND Gate
    Implementation using NOR gates
     Possible to implement any Boolean expression using
    NOR gates.
    Procedure:
    (i) Obtain product-of-sums Boolean expression:
    e.g. F6 = (x+y').(x'+z)
    (ii) Use DeMorgan theorem to obtain expression
    using 2-level NOR gates.
    e.g. F6 = (x+y').(x'+z)
    = ((x+y').(x'+z))' ' involution
    = ((x+y')'+(x'+z)')' DeMorgan
    Implementation using NOR gates

    x (x+y')'
    y'
    F6
    x'
    z (x'+z)'

    F6 = ((x+y')'+(x'+z)')'
    = (x+y').(x'+z)

    • G = (A+B).(C+D).E
    Implementation of POS Expressions

    • G = (A+B).(C+D).E

    A
    B
    C
    G
    D

    E'
    IMPLEMENT THE FOLLOWING USING NAND
    GATE ONLY:

    A+BC+CD’

    A+BC+CD’ (USING DOUBLE INVERSION)

    = (A) (BC) (CD’)

    33
    IMPLEMENT THE FOLLOWING USING NAND GATE ONLY:
    A+BCD’
    USING DOUBLE INVERSION:

    A+BCD’

    = (A) (BCD’)

    34

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