Identifying Engine Systems and
Identifying Engine Systems and
Identifying Engine Systems and
ENGINE SYSTEMS
AND
THEIR
COMPONENTS
Learning Targets
1. I can identify the three broad
categories of internal combustion engine
systems.
2. I can identify the components of the
primary or compression system.
3. I can describe the components of an
engine’s operating system.
Terms-1
Accessory systems Carburetor
Air cleaner Compression
Air cooled system ignition system
Air intake system Condenser
Battery-type Cylinder head
ignition systems Distributor
Breaker point-type Distributor cam
battery system Electronic fuel
Breaker points injection systems
Camshafts
Terms-2
Engine cooling Head gaskets
system Ignition coil
Exhaust manifold Ignition system
Exhaust system Intake valves
Exhaust valves Liquid cooling
Flywheel system
Fuel filter Lubrication system
Fuel injection Magneto-type
systems ignition systems
Fuel system
Terms-3
Mechanical fuel Spring retainers
injection systems Starting system
Operating Thermostat
systems Valve guides
Piston rings Valve springs
Primary system Water pump
Pushrods
Radiator
Spark ignition
systems
I can identify the three
broad categories of
internal combustion
engine systems.
The internal combustion engine is a
series of operating systems that work
together to make the engine run.
Each system performs its own functions.
At the same time they must work
together.
Engine systems may be divided into
three categories.
The primary system creates the
engine compression and converts
the energy of combustion to
mechanical energy. The primary
system is also referred to as the
compression system.
compression
The operating systems are those that
perform the other engine functions.
The engine will not operate without the
operating systems.
An engine’s electrical system is
considered an operating system.
Operating systems are also referred to
as auxiliary systems.
electrical
Accessory systems are those that are
not necessary for engine operation.
An example of such a system is a power
steering system. When a power steering
system fails, the engine is still operable.
power steering
I can identify the
components of the
primary or
compression system.
The main purpose of an engine’s
primary or compression system is to
efficiently compress air to increase the
potential energy resulting from the
combustion of the fuel.
In order to understand the operation of
a compression system, it is important to
have knowledge of the components that
make it up.
The piston and cylinder must form a
leak-proof combustion chamber for the
engine to operate.
The air tightness of the combustion
chamber is a major design feature for
the internal combustion engine.
Combustion is usually lost in one of
three places:
The fit of the piston in the cylinder—The
piston cannot fit too tightly in the cylinder
so that it can move freely up and down.
As combustion occurs, the fuel-air
mixture above the piston heats up and
needs room for expansion.
Pistons are usually machined from
lightweight alloys .
The piston surfaces between the ring
grooves are called lands. The bottom of
the piston is called the skirt and the top
is called the head or dome. The top of a
piston can be one of three general
shapes: flat, concave, or convex.
Concaved
Flat
Piston rings are made of cast iron
and/or steel that fit near the top of the
piston.
The top piston rings are called
compression rings. They help to prevent
loss of compression during the
compression stroke and prevent the loss
of combustion pressure during the
power stroke.
The lower piston rings are called oil
rings. These rings are designed to
control the amount of oil on the cylinder
walls.
The rings have a spring action that
provides a seal between the piston and
the wall of the cylinder.
piston rings - YouTube
Fixing Tough Head Gaske
t Leaks - YouTube
Head gasket—Head gaskets provide a
seal between the cylinder head and
the cylinder block.
The cylinder head forms the top of the
combustion chamber.
The cylinder block houses the cylinders
and crankshaft.
The head gaskets provide a tight seal
for combustion of fuel to take place.
When head gaskets go bad, the seal is
broken and the combustion chamber is
no longer leak-proof.
Valves
An engine’s valve assembly works with
the pistons and engine block to perform
compression and complete the events of
internal combustion.
The valve assembly is made up of
several components.
Problems with any of these components
can lead to deficiencies in compression.
Engine piston and valve animation -
YouTube
1. Intake valves open and seal the
intake ports.
2. Exhaust valves open and seal the
exhaust ports.
3. Valve springs both close the valves
and hold them open.
4. Spring retainers hold the springs on
the end of the valves.
5. Valve guides
support the valve
stem as the valve
moves back and
forth.
6. Camshafts open
and close the valves