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    Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design Donald A. Neamen

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    Bhandari Prakash
    This chapter discusses ideal operational amplifiers and op-amp circuits. It will analyze the inverting, non-inverting, and summing op-amp configurations. Key characteristics of the ideal op-amp include infinite differential gain, zero output resistance, and zero input current. The equivalent circuit model shows the op-amp as a dependent voltage source with infinite gain. Circuit analysis techniques rely on treating the inverting input as a virtual ground or ensuring the two inputs have the same voltage. Design specifications for op-amp circuits will also be considered.

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    Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design Donald A. Neamen

    Uploaded by

    Bhandari Prakash
    207 views10 pages
    This chapter discusses ideal operational amplifiers and op-amp circuits. It will analyze the inverting, non-inverting, and summing op-amp configurations. Key characteristics of the ideal op-amp include infinite differential gain, zero output resistance, and zero input current. The equivalent circuit model shows the op-amp as a dependent voltage source with infinite gain. Circuit analysis techniques rely on treating the inverting input as a virtual ground or ensuring the two inputs have the same voltage. Design specifications for op-amp circuits will also be considered.

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    This chapter discusses ideal operational amplifiers and op-amp circuits. It will analyze the inverting, non-inverting, and summing op-amp configurations. Key characteristics of the ideal op-amp include infinite differential gain, zero output resistance, and zero input current. The equivalent circuit model shows the op-amp as a dependent voltage source with infinite gain. Circuit analysis techniques rely on treating the inverting input as a virtual ground or ensuring the two inputs have the same voltage. Design specifications for op-amp circuits will also be considered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    207 views10 pages

    Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design Donald A. Neamen

    Uploaded by

    Bhandari Prakash
    This chapter discusses ideal operational amplifiers and op-amp circuits. It will analyze the inverting, non-inverting, and summing op-amp configurations. Key characteristics of the ideal op-amp include infinite differential gain, zero output resistance, and zero input current. The equivalent circuit model shows the op-amp as a dependent voltage source with infinite gain. Circuit analysis techniques rely on treating the inverting input as a virtual ground or ensuring the two inputs have the same voltage. Design specifications for op-amp circuits will also be considered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Microelectronics

    Circuit Analysis and Design

    Donald A. Neamen

    Chapter 9

    Ideal Operational Amplifiers


    and Op-Amp Circuits
    In this chapter, we will:

    • Develop the parameters and characteristics of the


    ideal operational amplifier, and determine the
    analysis method of ideal op-amp circuits.
    • inverting operational amplifier
    • summing operational amplifier
    • noninverting operational amplifier
    • Analyze several ideal op-amp circuits including the
    difference amplifier and the instrumentation
    amplifier.
    • operational transconductance amplifier.
    • Design several ideal op-amp circuits with given design
    specifications.
    What is operational amplifier?
    • An operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain
    electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended
    output.
    From signal point of view, the op-amp has two input terminals and one output
    terminal. It also requires dc power, as do all transistor circuits. Also, most op-amps
    are biased with both a positive and a negative voltage supply.
    Ideal Parameters
    • The ideal op-amp senses the difference between two input signals
    and amplifies this difference to produce an output signal.
    • Terminal voltage is the voltage at a terminal measured with respect
    to ground.
    • The input Resistance Ri between terminals 1
    and terminal 2 is infinite, meaning that the
    input current is zero.
    • The output terminal acts as the output of
    an ideal voltage source, meaning that the
    small-signal resistance Ro is zero.
    • The parameter A(od) is the open-loop differential voltage gain of the
    op-amp.
    • Terminal 1 is the inverting input terminal.
    • Terminal 2 is the non-inverting input terminal.
    • The output is out of phase with respect to terminal 1 voltage i.e. v1
    and in phase with respect to terminal 2 voltage i.e. v2.
    • Snice the ideal op-amp responds only to the difference between the
    two input signals v1 and v2 and therefore, it maintains a zero output
    signal for v1=v2.
    • When v1 is not equal to v2, then input is called common-mode input
    signal and for the ideal op-amp the common mode output signal is
    zero and the characteristic is referred to as common-mode rejection.
    Ideal Op-Amp Equivalent
    Circuit
    Ideal Op-Amp
    Characteristics
    1. Internal differential gain Aod is infinite.
    2. Differential input voltage (v2-v1) is zero.
    3. Effective input resistance is infinite.
    4. Output resistance is zero so output voltage is connected directly to
    dependent voltage source.
    5. The overall gain of op-amp is –Rf/R1.
    Equivalent Circuit of Op-
    Amp
    Problem-Solving Technique:
    Ideal Op-Amp Circuits
    1. If noninverting terminal is grounded, then inverting
    terminal is virtual ground.
    a. Sum currents at node assuming no current enters Op
    Amp.
    2. If noninverting terminal is not grounded, then
    inverting terminal voltage is equal to that of the
    noninverting terminal.
    a. Sum currents at node assuming no current enters Op
    Amp.
    3. Output voltage is determined from either Step 1 or
    2.
    Inverting Op-Amp

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