Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars' surface, which
gives it a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to
the naked eye.[18] Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, with surface
features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts
and polar ice caps of Earth.
The days and seasons are comparable to those of Earth, because the
rotational period as well as the tilt of the rotational axis relative to the
ecliptic plane are similar. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano
and highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System and of Valles
Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System. The smooth
Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a
giant impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small
and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka,
a Mars trojan
Mars is approximately half the diameter of Earth, with a surface area only slightly
less than the total area of Earth's dry land. Mars is less dense than Earth, having
about 15% of Earth's volume and 11% of Earth's mass, resulting in about 38% of
Earth's surface gravity. The red-orange appearance of the Martian surface is
caused by iron(III) oxide, or rust. It can look like butterscotch; other common
surface colors include golden, brown, tan, and greenish, depending on the
minerals present.
REFERENCES