Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.PD: Grade VIII Semester 2
Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.PD: Grade VIII Semester 2
Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.PD: Grade VIII Semester 2
Pd
Grade VIII Semester 2
2010/2011
Junior High School 1 Malang
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Basic Competency
• Students can plan and do the analysis of data in
the experiment of vibration and waves
Objectives:
1. To identify the movement of vibration with an experiment.
2. To determine the amplitude, period, and frequency of a vibration.
3. To measure period and frequency of vibration
4. Compare the characteristics of transversal and longitudinal waves
5. Investigate the wavelenght on the rope/slinky for transversal and longitudinal
wave.
6. To describe the relation of speed of traveling wave, frequency and wavelength
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Have you ever played a swing?
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What is a vibration ?
Vibration is an oscillating
movement through a point
of equilibrium
Vibration also known as Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
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Point of Equilibrium
• Now, pay attention to the
seat of the swing a boy is
sitting on in figure beside.
• When it is not yet moved,
its position is at point O
• This point is the
equilibrium
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Displacement and Amplitude
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One Vibration
1 vibration =
movement from
A-O-B-O-A.
B A
O
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Vibration of pendulum swing
O is point of Equilibrium
1 Vibration: C-O-B-O-C
B-O-C-O-B
½ Vibration: C-O-B
B-O-C
B C ¼ Vibration: C – O
O B–O
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A is Amplitude
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Period
T n = number of vibration
n
The unit of period is second
For example, the time needed for a vibration is 0.5 seconds, so T = 0.5 seconds.
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Frequency
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The Relation of Period and frequency
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Problems of Vibration #1
1. In 5 seconds, there are 200 times vibration
a. What is the frequency of this vibration?
b. What is the period of this vibration?
2. If the frequency of a vibration is 400 Hz
a. What is the period?
b. How many times the object vibrate for 60 seconds?
3. A pendulum can oscillate 100 times in 10 minutes.
What is the period of the oscillation?
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Problems of Vibration #2
1. An object vibrates for 40 times in ¼ second. The frequency and the
period of the vibration is…
2. An object vibrates 50 times in 25 seconds between two points with a
distance of 30 cm
a. What is the frequency of vibration?
b. What is the period of vibration?
c. The amplitude of the vibration is… cm
3. If the time needed to move from A to B is 0.05 second
then the number of vibrations in 2 seconds are…
BOA
4. A pendulum is released from its maximum displacement, after 60
seconds, the pendulum has completed 20 cycles. Calculate the period
and frequency.
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EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE PERIOD OF
PENDULUM SWING
OBJECTIVES
To investigate factors that influence period of a pendulum swing.
PROBLEM
•Is the period of a pendulum influenced by its amplitude?
•Is the period of a pendulum influenced by its thread length?
•Is the period of a pendulum influenced by its mass?
HYPOTHESIS
*Make hypothesis to estimate the period of a swing if its amplitude
increases?
MATERIAL AND APPARATUS
a swinging pendulum
a ruler
thread
a stopwatch or watch
a static upright rod and its clamp
PROCEDURE
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*Arrange the steps you will use to examine your hypothesis
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CONCLUSION FROM THE
EXPERIMENT
• Period of swing pendulum is not influenced
by amplitude and pendulum’s mass
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RESONANCE
when one object vibrating at the same natural
frequency of a second object forces that second
object into vibration motion.
The effect of resonance is in the form of an
increase in the amplitude of its vibration.
Without resonance we wouldn't have radio,
television, music, or swings on playgrounds.
Of course, resonance also has its dark side. It
occasionally causes a bridge to collapse, a
helicopter to fly apart, or other inconveniences.
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RESONANCE
Resonance is not always advantageous.
• In 1831, a suspension bridge in England fell
down because it had resonance with the
trotting shoes of an army marching on it.
• In 1940, the Tahoma bridge in USA fell down
because it had resonance with the effect of a
blast of strong wind.
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RESONANCE
• When object x swings ,
which pendulum do
you think will swings
too?
Pendulum
C !!
• The pendulums swing with the same frequency
Why???? • Frequency of pendulum is depend on their
thread length and gravitational acceleration
• So, pendulum with the same thread length with
the swinging object will swings too
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Wave
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Do the particles of the medium follow the movement of
the wave?
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Rarefaction
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Transverse Wave
crest
The movement direction
of wave is perpendicular
to the direction of its
vibration
Example: Light, Water
wave, Rope’s wave
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Longitudinal Wave
The movement direction
of wave is parallel to the
direction of its vibration
Example: Sound
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Speed of wave
s
Remember v If the wave passes one wavelength (λ), its
t passing time is the period of the wave (T),
and the previous formula can be rewritten as
v . f
v
T
v = speed of wave (m/s)
Relation of f and T is: λ = wavelength (m)
1 T = period (s)
f
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T f = frequency (Hz)
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EXERCISE OF WAVE #1
1. From the figure of wave beside, find its
a. Amplitude
b. wavelength
c. Period
2. Calculate the speed of the following wave
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3m
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ANSWER
1.
a. Amplitude = 15 cm
length of rope 15m
b. Wavelength : number of wave 1.5 10m
total time 6s
c. Period T
number of wave 1.5
4s