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    Origin and Importance of Genetics

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    huyenthanh1807
    This document provides a timeline of important discoveries in genetics from 1858 to 2001. It summarizes key milestones such as Mendel's discovery of gene inheritance in 1865, the discovery of DNA as the genetic material in 1928-1944, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, and the completion of the human genome project in 2001. The document also outlines some important terms in genetics like genes and traits, and techniques used like karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization.

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    Origin and Importance of Genetics

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    huyenthanh1807
    55 views12 pages
    This document provides a timeline of important discoveries in genetics from 1858 to 2001. It summarizes key milestones such as Mendel's discovery of gene inheritance in 1865, the discovery of DNA as the genetic material in 1928-1944, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, and the completion of the human genome project in 2001. The document also outlines some important terms in genetics like genes and traits, and techniques used like karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization.

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    Origin-and-Importance-of-Genetics

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    This document provides a timeline of important discoveries in genetics from 1858 to 2001. It summarizes key milestones such as Mendel's discovery of gene inheritance in 1865, the discovery of DNA as the genetic material in 1928-1944, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, and the completion of the human genome project in 2001. The document also outlines some important terms in genetics like genes and traits, and techniques used like karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    55 views12 pages

    Origin and Importance of Genetics

    Uploaded by

    huyenthanh1807
    This document provides a timeline of important discoveries in genetics from 1858 to 2001. It summarizes key milestones such as Mendel's discovery of gene inheritance in 1865, the discovery of DNA as the genetic material in 1928-1944, Watson and Crick's discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953, and the completion of the human genome project in 2001. The document also outlines some important terms in genetics like genes and traits, and techniques used like karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Origin and Importance of

    Genetics
    Key Terms:
    • Traits – a set of observable characteristics that define
    us as a species.
    • Genes – an element of heredity of traits that are
    transmitted from parents to offspring.
    • Genetics – is the study of biologically inherited traits.
    • Genomics – study of all genes in an organism to
    understand their molecular organization, function,
    interaction and evolutionary history
    • Cytogenetics – study of inheritance in relation to the
    structure and function of chromosomes.
    TIMELINE
    YEAR WHO DISCOVERY
    1858 Charles Darwin Jointly announced the Theory of
    Alfred Russell evolution via Natural Selection
    Wallace
    1859 Charles Darwin The Origins of Species
    1865 Gregor Mendel Concept of gene inheritance.
    Father of Modern Genetics
    1979- Walther Flemming First accurate counting of
    1892 Eduard chromosomes.
    Strasburger They coined the terms, chromatin,
    Edouard van mitosis , cytoplasm, nucleoplasm,
    Beneden prophase and metaphase
    1900 Hugo de Vries He coined the term mutation.
    TIMELINE
    YEAR WHO DISCOVERY
    1902 Walter Sutton They came up with the
    Theodor Boveri Chromosomal theory of inheritance
    1902 Archibald Garrod The first human disease is described
    that exhibits Mendelian inheritance,
    is called alkaptonuria.
    1909 Wilhelm Johannsen He used the term gene for the first
    time. He also coined the terms
    phenotype and genotype
    1910 Thomas Hunt First to demonstrate sex linkage in
    Morgan Drosophilia (Fruit Fly)
    1929 F. Griffith Discovered that DNA was the genetic
    material
    TIMELINE
    YEAR WHO DISCOVERY
    1930 Arne Tiselius Developed Electrophoresis to
    separate proteins
    1949 JV Neel Sickle Cell Anemia is inherited as
    single gene, recessive, Mendelian
    trait.
    1950 Erwin Chargaff Demonstrated the pairings of
    Adenine=thymine and
    guanine=cytosine
    1952 F. Sanger Determine the complete amino acid
    sequence of insulin
    1953 James Watson Presented the structural model of
    Francis Crick DNA
    TIMELINE
    YEAR WHO DISCOVERY
    1957 Francis Crick Proposes the central dogma of
    molecular biology
    1958 Matthew Meselsohn Proves the Semiconservative DNA
    F.W. Stahl replication
    1961 F. Jacob Describes the Lac Operon which is
    J. Monod involved in the regulation and
    synthesis of proteins
    1966 Marshall Nirenberg Presented the Genetic code that
    H. Gobind Khorana correlates the triplet code with a
    specific amino acid
    1975 King Wilson Suggested that the sequences of
    human and chimpanzee are very
    similar
    TIMELINE
    YEAR WHO DISCOVERY
    1980 Sanger group First complete genome sequence is
    published. (Bacteriophage of
    Escherichia coli)
    1990 US Government Human Genome Program is launched
    2001 International Human Human genome sequence is
    Genome Sequencing published
    Consortium Celera
    Corp
    APPLICATION OF GENETICS
    • Viruses
    • Bacteria
    • Plants
    • Domestic animals
    • Humans
    APPLICATION OF GENETICS
    • Prevention of genetic disease
    • Genetically-modifying organisms
    • Genetic counseling
    • Developing molecular medicine
    TECHNIQUES
    • Karyotyping – is a routine analysis of
    metaphase chromosomes arranged according
    to their lengths and positions.
    – Down syndrome – Trisomy 21
    – Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – Philadelphia
    chromosome (t9:22, also called the ABL-BCR
    transposition)
    TECHNIQUES
    • FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization)
    – Uses fluorescent probes that bind to a specific
    part of the chromosome.
    – Used to detect and localize the presence of
    absence of specific DNA sequence
    – Most commonly used in oncology
    – Also used in specie identification
    END

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