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    Conditionals / If Clauses: An Overview

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    Nermin Kajtazović
    The document discusses conditionals or "if clauses" that are used to describe the result of something that might happen or might have happened. It outlines the zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. The zero conditional uses the present simple and describes what always happens. The first conditional uses the present simple and will for possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would for unlikely or impossible events. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about the result of something that did not happen in the past. Examples are provided for each conditional.

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    Conditionals / If Clauses: An Overview

    Uploaded by

    Nermin Kajtazović
    19 views28 pages
    The document discusses conditionals or "if clauses" that are used to describe the result of something that might happen or might have happened. It outlines the zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. The zero conditional uses the present simple and describes what always happens. The first conditional uses the present simple and will for possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would for unlikely or impossible events. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about the result of something that did not happen in the past. Examples are provided for each conditional.

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    Conditionals(1)

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    The document discusses conditionals or "if clauses" that are used to describe the result of something that might happen or might have happened. It outlines the zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. The zero conditional uses the present simple and describes what always happens. The first conditional uses the present simple and will for possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would for unlikely or impossible events. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about the result of something that did not happen in the past. Examples are provided for each conditional.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views28 pages

    Conditionals / If Clauses: An Overview

    Uploaded by

    Nermin Kajtazović
    The document discusses conditionals or "if clauses" that are used to describe the result of something that might happen or might have happened. It outlines the zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. The zero conditional uses the present simple and describes what always happens. The first conditional uses the present simple and will for possible future events. The second conditional uses the past simple and would for unlikely or impossible events. The third conditional uses the past perfect and would have to talk about the result of something that did not happen in the past. Examples are provided for each conditional.

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    Conditionals / if clauses

    An Overview
    Describe the result of
    something that might happen
    (in the present or future) or
    might have happened but didn‘t
    (in the past).
    Zero Conditional

    • (if + present simple, ... present simple)


    If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
    • This conditional is used when the result
    will always happen. So, if water reaches
    100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact.
    • The result of the 'if clause' is always the
    main clause.
    • The 'if' in this conditional can usually be
    replaced by 'when' without changing the
    meaning. 
    • describes what happens in general.
    Examples
    • If people eat too much, they get fat.
    • If you touch a fire, you get burned.
    • People die if they don't eat.
    • You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
    • Snakes bite if they are scared
    • If babies are hungry, they cry
    First Conditional / Type 1

    • (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive)


    If it rains tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.
    • We use the First Conditional to talk about
    things which might happen in the future
    or are likely to happen in the future. Of
    course, we can't know what will happen
    in the future, but this describes possible
    things, which could easily come true.
    Examples
    • If it rains, I won't go to the park.
    • If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
    • If I have enough money, I'll buy some new
    shoes.
    • She'll be late if the train is delayed.
    • She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
    • If I see her, I'll tell her.
    Second Conditional / Type 2

    • (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive)


    If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the
    world.
    • We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and
    'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing.
    • A lot more unlikely than the first conditional.
    • First, we can use it to talk about things in the future
    that are probably not going to be true. For example
    when imagining some dream:
    - If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
    (I probably won't win the lottery)
    - If I met the Queen of England, I would
    say hello.
    - She would travel all over the world if
    she were rich.
    - She would pass the exam if she ever studied.
    (She never studies, so this won't happen).
    • Second, we can use it to talk about something
    in the present which is impossible, because it's
    not true:
    - If I had his number, I would call him.
    (I don't have his number now, so it's
    impossible for me to call him).
    - If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that
    man.
    Third Conditional / Type 3
    • (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past
    participle)
    If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught
    the train.
    • The third conditional is about the past.
    It's used to describe a situation that
    didn't happen, and to imagine the result
    of this situation.
    Examples
    • If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but,
    really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
    • If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did
    eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
    • If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.
    • She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.
    • She would have become a teacher if she had gone to
    university.
    • He would have been on time for the interview if he had
    left the house at nine.
    Exercises
    • If I find your watch, I ..................... you.
    (tell)
    • If I find your watch, I´ll tell you.
    • If I found a wallet in the street, I .............
    It to the police. (take)
    • If I found a wallet in the street, I would
    take it to the police.
    • What would you do if you .......... a
    million pounds? (win)
    • What would you do if you won a million
    pounds?
    • What would happen if I .......... that red
    button? (press)
    • What would happen if I pressed that red
    button?
    • If I were you, I ................ (not/wait).
    I ................. now (go).
    • If I were you, I wouldn´t wait.
    I would go now.
    • I didn´t know you were in hospital.
    If .............. (I/know), .........................
    (I/go) to visit you.
    • I didn´t know you were in hospital.
    If I had known, I would have gone to
    visit you.
    • I´m not tired. If ....................... (I/be)
    tired, I´d go home now.

    • I wasn´t tired last night.


    If .......................... (I/be) tired, I would
    have gone home earlier.
    • Thank you for your attention!!!

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