Mekanika Fluida 04 - Pumping System Curve
Mekanika Fluida 04 - Pumping System Curve
Mekanika Fluida 04 - Pumping System Curve
AND
CURVE HEAD
By Dr.Sukirno M.Eng
PUMPING SYSTEM
2
s d
Bernouli point 1 to 2
P2 P1 V 2 dW F1s Fsd Fd 2
( z s z1 ) ( z 2 z d )
g 2g gdm g g g
pressure head velocity head
P1 P2 atm V1 V2
TERMINOLOGY IN PUMPING SYSTEM
Suction Lift, Suction head.
A vertical distance from the surface of water to centerline of pump
impeller.
Discharge head.
A vertical distance from the centerline of the impeller to point of
discharge.
Hydraulic loss.
Is frictional losses due to pipe wall friction, elbow, design, joints, gate
valves, sudden reduction or enlargement of pipe size.
s d
Pd Ps F
( z 2 z1 ) 12
g g
CURVE OF HEAD OF PUMPING SYSTEM
Pd Ps F
( z 2 z1 ) 12
g g
Pump head
CURVE OF HEAD OF PUMPING SYSTEM
At constant rpm
PROBLEM EXAMPLE
AND ANSWER
Reading Pump Curve
9.6 From a pump (1750rpm) charactrisitc curve. When water
flowrate = 50m3/s and the power needed is 225hp, what is the
pump’s effiensi?
Question : eff
Known
Q, , BHP
FHP gHQ
BHP BHP
FHP gHQ
H f (Q)
(from curve)
TEMPERATURE RISE OF PUMPED WATER
(1 ) BHP
Td Ts
QC p
HORSE POWER UNIT CONVERSION
Pd Ps dW
g gdm
dW dW lb f ft
FHP m
dm dt s
dW P P PQ
BHP m m Q
dm
32.2lbm. ft
1 FHP
lbf .s 2 BHP
HORSE POWER UNIT CONVERSION
P V 2 dW
zg F
2 dm
dW dW lb f ft
FHP m
dm dt s
dW P P PQ
BHP m m Q
dm
32.2lbm ft
P V 2 dW F 1
z lb f s 2
g 2g gdm g
dW lb f ft lb f s 2 32.2lbm ft
ft
gdm ft lbm lbm lb f s 2
s2
ft 2
V 2 2
H velocity s ft
2g ft
s2
lb f
144in 2
P in 2 ft 2 lb f s 2 32.2lbm ft
H pressure 144 ft
g ft lbm lbm lb f s 2
2 3
s ft
HEAD UNIT CONVERSION
(SI Unit)
P V 2 dW F
z
g 2g gdm g
m
kg m m
dW N m s 2
m
gdm m kg m m kg m
s2 s2
m2
V 2 2
H velocity s m
2g m
s2
N kg m m
P 2
m s m m
2 2
H pressure
g m kg m m kg m
s 2 m3 s 2 m3
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
IN SERIES/PARALEL
TWO IDENTICAL PUMPS IN SERIES
Capacity
proportional to impeller speed and/or impeller diameter.
Head
proportional to the square of speed and diameter
Power
proportional to the cube of speed and diameter (as does NPSH)
Problem example
Flow:
Q1 / Q 2 = N 1 / N 2
Example: 100 / Q2 = 1750/3500
Q2 = 200 GPM
Head:
H1/H2 = (N1)2 x / (N2)2
Example: 100 /H2 = (1750 / 3500)2=1/4
H2 = 400 Ft
Horsepower (FHP):
FHP1 /FHP2 = (N1)3 / (N2)3
Example:
FHP2 = 100/FHP2=(1750/3500)3=1/8
FHP2 = 800
SPECIFIC SPEED
Dimensionaless number
1 3 3
1 m 3
1 m
2
m 2 2
Q N
2 3
s s s2 s
3 3
H
3
4
DN 2X
4 m
2
2 s
SPECIFIC SPEED
An impeller with a
low Ns has a thin
profile and a large
outside diameter
(D2) relative to the
D2
eye diameter (D1).
D2 D1
An impeller with a
high Ns has a fat
Head Pump1 < Head Pump2 profile and has (D1)
that is closer in size
Ns Pump1 > Ns Pump2 to the impeller (D2)
Specific Speed and Pump
Specific Speed, Ns
CENTRIFUGAL FLOW PUMP
Mixed Flow Pump
Axial Flow Pump
EXAMPLE OF PUMP TYPES
MULTI-STAGE
VERTICAL MULTI-STAGE
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
Reciprocating-type
OPERATION
•suction stroke
the plunger retracts and
the suction valves open
causing suction of fluid
into the cylinder.
•forward stroke
the plunger pushes the
liquid out of the
discharge valve.
PISTON PUMP CAPACITY
Example Problem
Speed=1Hz
1Hz- N= 1 cycle/second
How many galon per menit
N = 60 cycle/minute Q can be transfer by piston
pump with area 10in2 and
stroke length 5 in , speed n
L=5in speed 1 Hz.
A=1in2
Q = A.L.N
Two meshed gears rotating in a closely fitted casing. Fluid is pumped around
the outer periphery by being trapped in the tooth spaces. It does not travel back
on the meshed part, since the teeth mesh closely in the centre.
It is widely used on car engine oil pumps, and also in various hydraulic power
VANE PUMP
• A circular rotor rotating inside of a larger circular cavity. The centers of the
circles is offset, causing eccentricity.
• Vanes are allowed to slide into and out of the rotor and seal on all edges,
creating vane chambers that do the pumping work
• On the intake side, the vane chambers are filled with fluid forced in by the
inlet pressure
SCREW PUMP
this pump has two screws turning against each other pump the liquid.
PERISTALTIC PUMP
The fluid is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular pump casing.
A rotor with a number of "rollers", or "wipers" attached to the external
circumference compresses the flexible tube.
As the rotor turns, the part of the tube under compression closes (or "occludes")
thus forcing the fluid to be pumped to move through the tube.
ROPE PUMP A rope, a wheel and a PVC pipe
are sufficient to make a simple
rope pump.
CHAIN PUMP
NON MECHANICAL PUMP
Jet Pump
Air Lift Pump
Delivery
pipe
drive pipe
RAM PUMPS
Basic components :
1. Inlet – drive pipe
2. Free flow at waste valve
3. Outlet – delivery pipe
4. Waste valve (loaded)
5. Delivery check valve
6. Pressure vessel
4. This water is forced uphill through the delivery pipe farther than it is falling
downhill from the source. when the flow reverses, the delivery check valve
closes.
5. Then the loaded waste valve reopens against the now static head, which
allows the process to begin again.
The optimum length of the drive pipe is five to twelve times the vertical distance between
the source and the pump, or 500 to 1000 times the diameter of the delivery pipe,