Fundamentals of Database Design: Best Complements by Abhay Kumar "Bittu". Mba 2 SEM ROLL:-02

FUNDAMENTALS OF
DATABASE DESIGN
BEST COMPLEMENTS BY
ABHAY KUMAR “BITTU”.
MBA 2ND SEM
ROLL:-02
Agenda
 Introduction and participants needs
 We will review “what is a database;”
 Understand the difference between data and
information;
 What is the purpose of a database system;
 How to select a database system;
 Database definitions and fundamental building
blocks;
Agenda (2)
 Database development: the first steps;
 Quality control issues;
 Data entry considerations;
What is a database
A database is any organized collection of data. Some
examples of databases you may encounter in your
daily life are:
 a telephone book
 T.V. Guide
 airline reservation system
 motor vehicle registration records
 papers in your filing cabinet
 files on your computer hard drive.
Data vs. information:
What is the difference?
 What is data?  What is information?
 Information is data that have
 Data can be defined in been organized and
many ways. Information communicated in a coherent
science defines data as and meaningful manner.
unprocessed  Data is converted into
information. information, and information
is converted into knowledge.
 Knowledge; information
evaluated and organized so
that it can be used
purposefully.
Why do we need a database?
 Keep records of our:
 Clients
 Staff
 Volunteers
 To keep a record of
activities and interventions;
 Keep sales records;
 Develop reports;
 Perform research
 Longitudinal tracking
What is the ultimate purpose of a
database management system?
Is to transform
Data Information Knowledge Action

More about database definition
What is a database?
Quite simply, it’s an organized collection of data. A
database management system (DBMS) such as
Access, FileMaker, Lotus Notes, Oracle or SQL
Server which provides you with the software tools
you need to organize that data in a flexible manner.
It includes tools to add, modify or delete data from
the database, ask questions (or queries) about the data
stored in the database and produce reports
summarizing selected contents.
Let’s explore some examples
 Outlook contacts
 Aspira Association MIS
 KidTrax
 GIS-GPS systems
Types of Databases
 Non-relational databases
Non-relational databases place information in field categories that we create so that
information is available for sorting and disseminating the way we need it. The data in a
non-relational database, however, is limited to that program and cannot be extracted
and applied to a number of other software programs, or other database files within a
school or administrative system. The data can only be "copied and pasted.“
Example: a spread sheet
 Relational databases
In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and can be of
variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It is developed based on
a database model that provides for logical connections among files (known as
tables) by including identifying data from one table in another table
Selecting a Database Management
System
Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided into two

categories -- desktop databases and server databases.
 Generally speaking, desktop databases are oriented toward single-user
applications and reside on standard personal computers (hence the
term desktop).
 Server databases contain mechanisms to ensure the reliability and
consistency of data and are geared toward multi-user applications.
Selecting a database system: Need
Analysis
The needs analysis process will be specific to your organization but, at a
minimum, should answer the following questions:
 How many records we will warehouse and for how long?
 Who will be using the database and what tasks will they perform?
 How often will the data be modified? Who will make these
modifications?
 Who will be providing IT support for the database?
 What hardware is available? Is there a budget for purchasing additional
hardware?
 Who will be responsible for maintaining the data?
 Will data access be offered over the Internet? If so, what level of access
should be supported?
Some Definitions
 A File: A group or collection of similar records, like INST6031 Fall
Student File, American History 1850-1866 file, Basic Food Group
Nutrition File
 A record book: a "rolodex" of data records, like address lists, inventory
lists, classes or thematic units, or groupings of other unique records that
are combined into one list (found in AppleWorks, FileMaker Pro
software).
 A field: one category of information, i.e., Name, Address, Semester
Grade, Academic topic
 A record: one piece of data, i.e., one student's information, a recipe, a test
question
 A layout: a design for a database that contains field names and possibly
graphics.
Database glossary
Fundamental building blocks
Tables comprise the fundamental building blocks of any database. If you're familiar with
spreadsheets, you'll find database tables extremely similar. Take a look at this example of a table
sample database:
The table above contains the employee information for our organization -- characteristics like name,
date of birth and title. Examine the construction of the table and you'll find that each column of the
table corresponds to a specific employee characteristic (or attribute in database terms). Each row
corresponds to one particular employee and contains his or her information. That's all there is to it!
If it helps, think of each one of these tables as a spreadsheet-style listing of information.
Where do we start?
 Let’s explore your “paper
system”
 Client intake forms
 Job application form
 Funders reports
 Database modeling:
 Define required fields from
“forms” or required reports
 Avoid repetition
 Keep it simple
 Identify a unique identifier or
primary key
Some Quality Control Considerations
 Remember “garbage in – garbage
out”. Some examples and how to
prevent this.
 Quality management encompasses
three distinct processes: quality
planning, quality control, and
quality improvement
 Quality Planning in relation to
database systems design:
 Who will perform data entry?
 Training? On-line help?
 How data entry will be
performed?
Data entry considerations
 Define “must” enter fields – no record is complete unless:
such and such is entered;
 Make data entry fool proof. Example: Grade level can be
entered as a number (8 or 8th or eight). By using a pull-down
menu with the correct data format these mistakes can be
avoided.
Data Entry – additional considerations
 Barcode scanners
 USB or
 Wireless attached to a
Palm or Pocket PC
 Pocket PC
 WiFi 802.11g, Bluetooth
 Wireless networks (real-
time on demand systems)
Thank’s
for being patience.
 This time like all time is a good one.

:-Abhay kumar “Bittu”.

Fundamentals of Database Design: Best Complements by Abhay Kumar "Bittu". Mba 2 SEM ROLL:-02

Uploaded by

Fundamentals of Database Design: Best Complements by Abhay Kumar "Bittu". Mba 2 SEM ROLL:-02

Uploaded by

FUNDAMENTALS OF

Data Information Knowledge Action

Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided into two

 This time like all time is a good one.

You might also like