Psychology Report
Psychology Report
Psychology Report
OLOGY
Content:
The self as a cognitive construction – William James and the
Me-Self, I-Self, Global vs differentiated models, Real and
Ideal self-concepts, Multiple vs Unified selves, True vs False
selves
The self as proactive and Agentic.
2
Subject Description:
This deals with the nature of identity, as well as the factors and forces
that affect the development and maintenance of personal identity.
Introduction:
This report tackles the fundamental concepts and
principles of the self.
It covers the different factors that contribute to one’s
being, the philosophical and theoretical perspectives
about the self across generations, as well as the
explanations of different fields of sciences about the self
and identity.
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Objectives:
Define and describe the different psychological concepts of
self;
Differentiate the various concepts of the self and identify
their interrelationships;
Explain how the concepts of self-influence behavior; and
Apply concepts of self in one’s life to develop self-
awareness and self-understanding.
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Lesson
Overview
In the previous chapter, it is discussed that various social scientists have
different ways of looking at the Self. They might be looking at the same
thing but they have various ways of looking and explaining it. The variation
of views is still unsealed. For even among the psychologist, the variation in
picturing the self significantly differs. One view states that self-developed
following a developmental order of learning. Another view states that self-
developed in constant struggle between desires against social expectation.
Still another view states that self is a product of cognitive development
brought by constant interaction of people in the society.
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Lesson Proper (reporting)
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What is psychological
Perspective?
The Psychodynamic
Perspective The Cross-Cultural
Perspective
The Behavioral
Perspective The Evolutionary
Perspective
The Cognative
Perspective The Humanistic
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Perspective
PSYCHOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
“I AM WHO I AM” Am I good
Questions about yourself… Am I intelligent?
Am I approachable? Do I appear friendly to others?
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What is
PSYCHOLOGY?
Scientific study of how
people behave, think,
and feel.
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Topics:
How brain works
How our memory is organized
How people interact in groups
Who children learn
What are your motivations?
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Cognitive
Relating to, being or involving conscious
intellectual activity (thinking, reasoning or
remembering.
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Jean
Piaget
Discoverer in child development
That’s a
Theory of Cognitive Development lot of money
About the development of human intelligence
185,244 users
Dealts with the nature of knowledge itself
How human gradually come to acquire, construct, and use it
Cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes
resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience.
100%
Believes that children construct an understanding of the world around them,
experience inconsistencies between what they already know and what they
discover in their environment,Total success!
and then adjust their ideas accordingly
(McLeod, 2009).
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3 Basic Components to Piaget’s
Our process is easy
Cognitive Theory
Schemas
Adaptation
1 02
17
You can insert graphs from Google Sheets
18
Android project
Show and explain your web,
app or software projects
using these gadget
templates.
19
iPhone project
Show and explain your web,
app or software projects
using these gadget
templates.
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Harter’s Self-
Development Concept
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Dr. Susan Harter
Detailed the emergence of self-
concept and asserted that the broad
developmental changes observed
across early childhood, later
childhood, and adolescence could be
interpreted within a Piagetian
framework.
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Early Childhood
The child describes the “self” in terms of concrete,
observable, characteristics such as physical attributes (I’m
pretty/ugly/strong), material possessions (I have lots of
toys), behaviors (I love playing with my toys) and
preferences (I like candies)
Emerging Adults Any questions?
Self You can find me at @username & [email protected]
Having a vision of a possible self.
Age of possibilities
Having a vision of a
possible self.
Age of possibilities
The self is described in terms of trait like constructs
(smart, honest, friendly, shy) that would require the
type of hierarchical organizational skills.
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Adolescence
More abstract
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Emerging Adults Self
Having a vision of a possible
self.
Age of possibilities
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William James The Self
Process of
Identification
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William James
concentrated on the nature of self and its
effect on emotional aspects. Things become
part of the “me” Jmaes disputed through
“emotional identification” with them The
person’s body, feelings, beliefs and values
are all parts of me However, because of
what is part of the me is determined by
emotion identification, the parents, siblings,
friends and even lovers
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are likely to be
Identification Process
as to James concept shows his belief of the unchanging
nature of self. It is constantly changing because a person
is dealing with shifting materials.. This implies that the
self today is different even for a little from the self
yesterday.
William James
I-self and Me-self
I-SELF
Aware of its own actions
Pure ego
Being the agent (I believe my actions
have an impact
Being unique (I am deferent)
Continuity (same person)
Awareness (Understanding of what is
going on) 31
Me-self
• Object such as physical
characteristics, personalities,
social roles or relationships,
thoughts, feelings
• Dimensions
• Materials (appearance)
• Social (interpersonal)
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• Spiritual (character/ values)
Carl Roger's
Self Theory
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The Real Self and the Ideal Self
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Carl Rogers
• was humanistic psychologist who
agreed with Abraham Maslow’s Self
Actualization but went further with the
assumption that for a person to “grow”
he must need an environment that can
provide him with genuineness or
openness and self-disclosure.
loyalty.
Multiple Selves
50
A person perception of self-
identity is influenced by
messages from others as well as
his/her own biased ideal self.
One’s public self is more
complicated which includes
both one’s family, self and
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Development and
Characteristics
of the Self-Concept
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Self-
• is a knowledge representation that
Concept
contains knowledge representation that
contains knowledge about a person
including beliefs about his/her personality
traits, physical characteristics, abilities,
values, goals and roles, as well as the
knowledge that he/she exist as individuals
in a particular society
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• By the time individuals are
adults, their sense of self have
grown dramatically. They are
more exposed in how their genes
and social experience paly vital
roles in their development of
sense of self. They can analyze
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• Freud’s psychosexual view
states that self-developed in
constant struggle between
desires against social
expectation.
• Bandura’s view states that self
is a product of cognitive
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• Real self is what a person is from
inside or the original self, while ideal
self is what a person wants to become.
• Human has the capability to exert
influence over one’s functioning in the
course of one’s action.
• Sense of self is a continuous
development brought by combination
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References:
• Frando, Milagros F. (2019).
Understanding the Self. 707 Tiaga
Corner Kasipagan Streets Barangka
Drive, Mandaluyong City; Books
Atbp, Publishing Corp.
• Go-Monilla, Ma. Jocelyn A. F. (2018).
Understanding the Self. 839 EDSA,
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Paychoanalytic
Theory
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Sigmund
Freud
• was an Austrian neurologist and the
founder of pyschoanalysis.
62
Psychoanalytic
• Freud believed that people could be
Theory
chred by making concioua their
unconcious thoghts and motivations,
thus gaining "insight".
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Erik
• Erik Erikson was a German
erikson
American developmental
psychologist and psychiatrist
known to his theaory on
psychological development of
human beings. 65
8 Stages of Psychoaocial
Development
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1. Trust vs.
• first stage in Erik Erikson's theory of
Mistrust
psychosocial development. This stage begins
at birth continues to approximately 18
months of age.
• During this stage, the infant is uncertain
about the world in which they live, and
looks towards their primary caregiver for
stability and consistency of care.
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2. Autonomy vs. Shame
and
• is Doubt
the second stage of Erik Erikson's
stages of psychosocial development.
• This stage occurs between the ages of 18
months to approximately 3 years.
• According to Erikson, children at this
stage are focused on developing a sense
of personal control over physical skills
68
3. Initiative vs.
Guilt
• is the third stage of Erik
Erikson's theory of
psychosocial development.
• During this stage, children
assert themselves more
frequently through directing
69
Industry vs.
Inferiority
• Erikson's fourth psychosocial crisis, involving
industry (competence) vs. Inferiority occurs
during childhood between the ages of five and
twelve.