In Middle and Late Ado Lescence

AND
IN MID D L E AND LATE A D O L E S C E N C E

MENTAL
HEALTH
• It’s the way your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
affect your life.
• Good mental health leads to positive self-image
and in-turn, satisfying relationships with friends
and others.
• It also helps determine how we handle stress,
relate to others, and make choices.
• Having good mental health helps you make good
decisions and deal with life’s challenges at home,
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
• Mental health is a state of well-being in which

the individual realises his or her own abilities,
can cope with the normal stresses of life, can
work productively and fruitfully, and is able to
make a contribution to his or her community.
• Mental health is our ability to respond
to challenges.
• What kind of challenges? It could be

anything from:
1. A sudden encounter with a snake
2. Reviewing for an upcoming exam
3. It could be something physical like an illness
4. Something social like bullying
6. Or a to-do list the size of a mountain
7. It could be an argument with your family
8. Or a difficult essay
9. Or a death of a parent
• The fact is life rarely goes the way we plan. And

whenever we are hit by trials and challenges,
mental health is our ability to bounce back and
stay on course.
HOW DO YOU GET THIS ABILITY?
Are you born with it?

NO. Mental health can change and the things that tend to
shape it are called risk factors and protective factors.
1. Protective factors
• Sense of self-efficacy – one’s perception of one’s value and
worth, effectiveness, and ability in performing a task or
activity
• Mental health and well-being is also anchored on one’s self-
worth and value or self-esteem.
SELF-ESTEEM AND BODY
ESTEEM
• Does any of this sound familiar?
• "I'm too tall."
• "I'm too short."
• "I'm too skinny."
• “I’m too fat.”
• "If only I were shorter/taller/had
curly hair/straight hair/a
smaller nose/longer legs, I'd
WHY ARE SELF-ESTEEM AND BODY
IMAGE IMPORTANT?
• Self-esteem is all about how much you feel you are worth
— and how much you feel other people value you.
• Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself
can affect your mental health and how you behave.
• People with high self-esteem know themselves well. They're
realistic and find friends that like and appreciate them for who
they are. People with high self-esteem usually feel more in
control of their lives and know their own strengths and
weaknesses.
WHAT IS BODY IMAGE?
• Body image is how you view your physical self —
including whether you feel you are attractive and
whether others like your looks. For many people,
especially people in their early teens, body image can
be closely linked to self-esteem.
WHAT INFLUENCES A PERSON'S SELF- ESTEEM?
1. PUBERTY AND DEVELOPMENT

Some people struggle with their self-
esteem and body image when they
begin puberty because it's a time when
the body goes through many
changes. These changes, combined
with wanting to feel accepted by our
friends, means it can be tempting to
compare ourselves with others. The
trouble with that is, not everyone
grows or develops.
2. Media Images and Other Outside Influences
Our early teens are a time when we become more aware of celebrities
and media images — as well as how other kids look and how we fit in.
We might start to compare ourselves with other people or media

images ("ideals" that are frequently covered up). All of this can affect
how we feel about ourselves and our bodies even as we grow into our
teens.
3. FAMILIES AND SCHOOL
Family life can sometimes influence our body image. Family
members might struggle with their own body image
or criticize their kids' looks ("why do you wear your hair so long?" or
"how come you can't wear skirts that fit you?").
This can all influence a person's self-esteem, especially if they're
sensitive to others peoples' comments.
People also may experience negative comments and hurtful

teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers.
Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can
affect body image and self-esteem.
• Things That Tend to
Shape Mental Health
1. Protective factors
• A supportive family
• Or strong friendships
2. Risk factors
• Chronic illness
• Or low socio-economic
status
EXAMPLE OF A MENTAL HEALTH AND
WELL-BEING MODEL
• The Wheel of Wellness model
includes what is referred to as
the five life tasks developed in
1991 by Witmer and Sweeney:
1. Essence or spirituality
2. Work and leisure
3. Friendship
4. Love
5. Self-direction
• It is important that the five tasks are balanced in
terms of time spent on each one, and of course, on
the amount of energy one gives to fulfilling each of
the tasks.
• In addition to the components, maintaining good
mental health and well-being requires resiliency
and adaptability, two important skills that needs
to be developed in every person particularly the
adolescent.
WHAT IS RESILIENCY?
• Resiliency – the capacity to
establish and maintain one’s
balance and well- being in the
face of adversity.
• It is the ability to get back on

one’s feet after a disaster or a
crisis.
WHAT IS ADAPTABILITY?
• Adaptability – the capacity to adjust to

changes necessary for one’s survival and
balance.
HEALTHY SELF-CONCEPT AT THE CORE OF
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
• Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at

oneself as someone who is worth loving and worth caring
for, regardless of physical flaws and defects, regardless of
what other people perceive him to be, and in spite of the
thoughts, feelings, and behavior one experiences.
• It is about understanding and accepting one’s personality,
uniqueness, and individuality.
• Having a positive warm regard for oneself is also about
seeing one’s strengths, challenges and successes, as
well as the stumbling blocks that come along the way in
one’s search for meaning and happiness.
• Having a wonderful self-concept is about having a

spirituality that provides philosophical and existential
meaning to one’s life, and about one’s relationship with
his perceived Supreme Being.
• Having a healthy self-concept is also about embracing
meaningful universal human values that define who
you are, and how these values form your set of
healthy attitudes about other people, situations, and
things.
• The bedrock of a healthy self-concept, however, is

a high sense of self-worth or self-esteem.
GOOD PHYSICAL HEALTH IS GOOD FOR
MENTAL HEALTH
• The World Health Organization clearly noted that poor

mental health plays a signficant role in diminished
immune functioning and the development of certain
illnesses, and eventually premature death.
• One’s physical health is also an important
factor to good mental health.
• Sleep and nutrition, for example, should be given
importance and properly observed by an adolescent whose
tendency is to take these things for granted.
• An individual who is deprived of sleep, for example, will be

cranky, will have a short temper, will sometimes become
emotionally sensitive, and will also have a bad memory.
• Physically, the individual deprived of sleep may
develop skin rashes or acne, have dark circles
around the eyes, and may even develop bad
posture because of feeling weak or sluggish and
having low energy.
• People around this person will take notice and

might even get affected by certain behavior a
sleep-deprived person exhibits.
EXAMPLES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
1. Depression
2. Anxiety Disorders
3. Schizophrenia
4. Eating Disorders
5. Addictive behaviors (drugs and alcohol)
DEPRESSION
• Depression is a low mood that lasts for a long time, and

affects your everyday life.
• In its mildest form, depression can mean just being in low
spirits. It doesn’t stop you leading your normal life but
makes everything harder to do and seem less worthwhile.
• At its most severe, depression can be life-threatening
because it can make you feel suicidal.
WHEN DOES LOW MOOD BECOMES
DEPRESSION?
• We all have times when our mood is low, and we’re
feeling sad or miserable about life. Usually these feelings
pass in due course.
• But if the feelings are interfering with your life and don't go
away after a couple of weeks, or if they come back over and
over again for a few days at a time, it could be a sign that
you're experiencing depression.
ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Anxiety is what we feel when we are worried, tense or afraid –

particularly about things that are about to happen, or which we
think could happen in the future.
• Anxiety is a natural human response when we perceive that we
are under threat. It can be experienced through our thoughts,
feelings and physical sensations.
“Going out of the house is a challenge because I have a fear

of panicking and feel that I'm being watched or judged. It's
just horrible. I want to get help but I'm afraid of being judged.”
SCHIZOPHRENIA
• You could be diagnosed with schizophrenia if you experience some of the
following symptoms:
 a lack of interest in things
 feeling disconnected from your feelings
 difficulty concentrating
 wanting to avoid people
hallucinations, such as hearing voices or seeing things others don't
delusions (which could include paranoid delusions) – strong beliefs that
others don't share
 disorganized thinking and speech
 not wanting to look after yourself
EATING DISORDERS
• If you have an eating problem you might:
• restrict the amount of food you eat
• eat more than you need or feel out of control when you eat
• eat a lot in secret
• feel very anxious about eating or digesting food
• eat lots of food in response to difficult emotions (when you
don't feel physically hungry)
• only eat certain types of food or stick to a rigid set of diet rules
and feel very anxious and upset if you have to eat something
different
• do things to get rid of what you eat (purging)

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AND

IN MID D L E AND LATE A D O L E S C E N C E

• Mental health is a state of well-being in which

• What kind of challenges? It could be

• The fact is life rarely goes the way we plan. And

Are you born with it?

1. PUBERTY AND DEVELOPMENT

We might start to compare ourselves with other people or media

People also may experience negative comments and hurtful

• It is the ability to get back on

• Adaptability – the capacity to adjust to

• Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at

• Having a wonderful self-concept is about having a

• The bedrock of a healthy self-concept, however, is

• The World Health Organization clearly noted that poor

• An individual who is deprived of sleep, for example, will be

• People around this person will take notice and

• Depression is a low mood that lasts for a long time, and

• Anxiety is what we feel when we are worried, tense or afraid –

“Going out of the house is a challenge because I have a fear

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