Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 89 views

    Measurement of Human Energy Expenditure: - Understand The Following

    Uploaded by

    Arjun Arjun
    This document discusses various methods for measuring human energy expenditure, including calorimetry techniques. It explains that a Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 liter of water by 1°C, and how bomb calorimetry directly measures the energy in foods. Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to calculate energy expenditure, based on the fact that consuming 1 liter of oxygen produces around 5 kCal of energy. The respiratory quotient obtained from indirect calorimetry can provide information on which macronutrient (carbs, fats, protein) is being metabolized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Measurement of Human Energy Expenditure: - Understand The Following

    Uploaded by

    Arjun Arjun
    89 views19 pages
    This document discusses various methods for measuring human energy expenditure, including calorimetry techniques. It explains that a Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 liter of water by 1°C, and how bomb calorimetry directly measures the energy in foods. Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to calculate energy expenditure, based on the fact that consuming 1 liter of oxygen produces around 5 kCal of energy. The respiratory quotient obtained from indirect calorimetry can provide information on which macronutrient (carbs, fats, protein) is being metabolized.

    Original Description:

    expenditure of energy

    Original Title

    Lec4.MeasEnergy.student

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses various methods for measuring human energy expenditure, including calorimetry techniques. It explains that a Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 liter of water by 1°C, and how bomb calorimetry directly measures the energy in foods. Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to calculate energy expenditure, based on the fact that consuming 1 liter of oxygen produces around 5 kCal of energy. The respiratory quotient obtained from indirect calorimetry can provide information on which macronutrient (carbs, fats, protein) is being metabolized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views19 pages

    Measurement of Human Energy Expenditure: - Understand The Following

    Uploaded by

    Arjun Arjun
    This document discusses various methods for measuring human energy expenditure, including calorimetry techniques. It explains that a Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise 1 liter of water by 1°C, and how bomb calorimetry directly measures the energy in foods. Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to calculate energy expenditure, based on the fact that consuming 1 liter of oxygen produces around 5 kCal of energy. The respiratory quotient obtained from indirect calorimetry can provide information on which macronutrient (carbs, fats, protein) is being metabolized.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Measurement of Human Energy

    Expenditure
    • Understand the following:
    – Heat of combustion (Calories)
    – Atwater factors
    – How to measure kCal
    – Quantify energy release in metabolism
    – Quantify food mixture metabolized

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    What is a Calorie?
    • A measurement of food energy
    – Quantity of ____ necessary to raise the
    temperature of 1 ___ (1 L) of water 1 degree
    ___ (from 14.5 to 15.5°C)
    – If a food contains 300 kCal then releasing the
    potential energy trapped within this food’s
    chemical structure increases the temperture of
    300 L of water 1°C.
    – Different foods contain different amounts of
    heat energy.

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    How to Measure Calories?
    The Bomb Calorimeter

    Figure 1. Bomb calorimeter directly measures the energy value of food.

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Heat of Combustion
    • The heat liberated by oxidizing (burning)
    food in a bomb calorimeter represents its
    _______ ____ _______ or total energy
    value of the food.
    – Average heats of combustion
    • CHO = 4.2 kCal•g-1
    • Lipid = 9.4 kCal• g-1
    • Protein = 5.65 kCal•g-1

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Net Energy Value of Foods
    • Gross energy value from the bomb calorimeter
    are different than what happens in the body.
    • Net energy values equal what is available to the
    body after digestion:
    – CHO =
    – Lipid = Called Atwater factors
    – Protein =

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Energy Value of What You Eat
    • Calculate energy value of a meal
    Atwater factor x food grams = total kCal
    Go through an example for 100 g of food that
    contains 4% protein (4 g), 13% fat (13 g) and
    21% CHO (21 g).
    [(4 x 4.0) + (13 x 9.0) + 21 x 4.0)]

    [16 + 117 + 84 = 217 kCal

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Measuring Human kCal Production

    METABOLISM CALORIMETRY

    Direct Indirect

    CO2 +
    Oxygen Consumption N2 Balance

    Open Circuit Closed Circuit

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Measuring Human kCal Production
    FOODSTUFF + OXYGEN ŠŠŠŠŠ> HEAT + CO2 + H2O

    INDIRECT CALORIMETRY DIRECT CALORIMETRY

    MEASURE EITHER HEAT


    OR O2

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Measuring Human kCal Production
    Direct Calorimetry [Atwater-Rosa]

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Indirect Calorimetry
    Measuring VO2 uptake
    [Closed Circuit Method]

    Positive:Negative Aspects

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Indirect
    Calorimetry
    [Measure VO2 uptake]
    Open Circuit Method

    Positive:Negative Aspects

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Direct v Indirect Calorimetry
    • Calorific Transformation for Oxygen

    – For every liter (L) of oxygen consumed, 5


    kCal of energy are transformed

    • Thus, indirect calorimetry is a good


    measure of heat production

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    What Food is Metabolized?
    • The Respiratory Quotient (RQ)
    – RQ =

    • Every food substance has a specific RQ

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    RQ for CHO
    • RQ =

    – C6H12O6 + 6 O2 –––––> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    RQ for Lipid
    • RQ =

    Between 0.69 and 0.73

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    RQ for Protein
    • RQ =

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    RQ for Mixed Foods
    • RQ =

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Thermal Equivalent of Oxygen
    for the RQ
    • RQ = 0.70 = 4.686 kCal per L O2
    • RQ = 0.84 = 4.85 kCal per L O2
    • RQ = 1.0 = 5.05 kCal per L O2

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure
    Liters of Oxygen and kCals
    1 Liter per min 5 kCal per min Heat
    Oxygen Consumed Liberated

    At Rest
    250 mL per min 1.25 kCal per min
    Oxygen Consumed heat liberated

    Professor V. Katch MVS 110: Measurement of Energy


    Expenditure

    You might also like