UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA

FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT OF HPERS
2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR
COURSE LECTURER: DR. EMMANUEL OSEI SARPONG
COURSE CODE : MSES 837
COURSE TITLE: ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MOTION
 A PRESENTATION
ON
METHODS, PROCEDURES AND CONCEPTS OF HUMAN MOTION ANALYSIS

BY:
NAME STUDENT NUMBER
NINFAAZUMA BENEDICT 190011598
AGIDI BLESS 220014315
PROSPER AWONTIIRIM ADII 220025841
MARVIN GERALD AGAMAH 220030233
MONICA BAKIVA 220030246
EVELYN AGBORDZOR 220023317
ISAAC YEBOAH 220012730
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 Introduction

 Meaning of Motion Analysis, How Motion Analysis can be done

 Why we study Motion Analysis, Methods of Movement Analysis

 Areas for use, Movement phases, Human Body movements

 Categories of Human Motion Analysis

 Methods of Motion Analysis

 Benefits of Motion Analysis

 Conclusion

 Reference
 Introduction

Analysis of human motion is a course of study under the main fields and
disciplines of sports and exercise science.

It is under the field of biomechanics and focuses on the use of

multidisciplinary approaches to analyzing human movement through the
application of biomechanical principles which are important for the study of
movement in sport and science. This presentation is just an aspect of the
above course “methods of human motion analysis”.
 Meaning of Motion Analysis
 Motion analysis is a method used to track movement using a video
camera. The video camera records the movement of an athlete and
their environment at the same time.
 By monitoring the camera’s movement and the athlete, motion
analysis can create a graph showing how the athlete is moving.
 By visually analyzing movement, motion analysis can help coaches,
sports therapists, and strength and conditioning coaches see issues
with movement that might go unnoticed by watching athletes perform
movements.
 How Motion Analysis Can be Done
1. The athlete’s movement must be recorded using a video or a
motion-tracking device.
2. The movement’s environment must be recorded using a
connected device like GPS.
3. Once those two pieces are in place, the movement can be
analyzed using various devices. These devices can be desktop
computers, laptops, or mobile devices that run a software
program like Motion Analysis Studio.
4. Once the data has been uploaded and analyzed, the
information can be presented using several different graphs,
charts, and reports.
 Why We Study Human Motion Analysis
 The main advantage of instrumented 3D-motion analysis is its
potential to generate objective, reliable and reproducible data
with exact joint angles, muscle activity, as well as loading
inside the joints during movement.
 Studying human movement can provide insights into
physiological, neural and psychological adaptations to
exercise, into the role regular physical activity plays in
chronic disease prevention and management, and into how the
brain controls and coordinates everyday movements.
 Things Required For Motion Analysis
 Motion analysis software: calculates parameters such as distance,
velocity, acceleration, and deformation angles as functions of time.
This data is then used to design equipment for optimal
performance.

 Kinematics data can be obtained using infrared camera systems

which record the 3D position of markers placed onto the body
surface. Data are recorded at a series of time intervals.
 Areas Motion Analysis Can Be Used

Motion analysis is used in computer vision, image processing, high-

speed photography and machine vision that studies methods and
applications in which two or more consecutive images from an image
sequences e.g., produced by a video camera or high-speed camera, are
processed to produce information based on the apparent motion in the
images.
 Movement Phases

Every movement skill can be broken down into four main

components: preparation/preliminary movement, force

production, critical instant and the recovery/follow-through.

These are called the phases of movement.

 Human Body Movements
• Flexion and extension ,Abduction and adduction

• Circumduction, Rotation, Inversion and Eversion, Excursion

• Supination and Pronation, Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

• Protraction and Retraction, Depression and Elevation,

• Opposition and Reposition

 Methods of Movement Analysis

A number of methods are used in analyzing movement. The

method selected depends on the knowledge and experience of the
observer and the context in which the analysis is being
performed. The three main methods of analyzing the
biomechanics of sport movements are:
• Movement phases,
• Free body diagrams and
• Deterministic models. 
 Categories of Human Motion Analysis

 Human motion analysis can be divided into three categories:

1. Human activity recognition

2. Human motion tracking, and

3. Analysis of body and body part movement.

 Methods of Motion Analysis

The following methods can be used to analyze human motion;

• Motion Detection

• Video camera

• Video Surveillance

• Motion-tracking device

• Computer
 Benefits of Motion Analysis

 Allows the coach to watch an athlete perform the same movement in

different situations, such as from different sides or distances, to see
how it looks when performed correctly.

 Ability to see an athlete perform a movement incorrectly and how the

movement differs from normal. The visual analysis can show the
initial movement, the correction needed, and the desired outcome of
the movement.
 Benefits of Motion Analysis

 Can identify common movement issues and correct them before they
cause injury. For example, visual analysis can show an issue with a
tennis player’s foot strike, where it’s landing, and how that affects the
rest of the movement.

 Used to correct movement issues before they have a chance to cause

injury, such as a baseball pitcher having an issue with their back leg
while delivering a pitch.
 Conclusion
 Motion analysis is a beneficial tool that can be used in order to
improve an athlete’s performance. This technology provides
quantifiable data that can be used to track an athlete’s progress and
target specific areas that need improvement.

 While there are some limitations to this technology, the benefits

provided by motion analysis make it a valuable asset for any serious
athlete or coach looking to take their game to the next level.
 HPERSSA

 INTRODUCTION

 PROCEDURES OF ANALYSIS
SECTION TWO
 STEPS IN MOTION ANALYSIS IMPLICATIONS FOR PE
PRESENTATION
OUTLINE AND SPORTS

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INTRODUCTION

Analysis of Human motion as an area of study in sports and exercise

science, is a multidisciplinary approach to analysing human movement

through the application of biomechanical principles and the use of

qualitative and quantitative analysis of movement in the identification

of critical features of the movement in sport and exercise.

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 HPERSSA

Procedures in Human Motion Analysis

 Observational Analysis (videos and force sensors)

 Kinematic Analysis (measuring positions, orientations, and trajectories of body segments

and joints -IMUs)

 Kinetic Analysis (measuring forces and moments acting on the body during movement)

 Biomechanical Modelling (creating mathematical models of human motion F=mxa)

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Steps In Motion Analysis

 Data collection  Feature extraction

 Data pre-processing  Statistical analysis

 Segmentation  Visualization

 Motion tracking

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Data collection
 Capturing the movement of an subject.

FORCE
VIDEO PLATFORM
MOTION STUDIO
CAMERA
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 HPERSSA

Data pre-processing
 Calibration (adjusting sensors and cameras to required angles and positions to measure accurately)
 Synchronization (aligned different data to ensure corresponds to the same time frame)
 Outlier detection and removal (removing data points that do not fit the general pattern of
the data)

 Smoothing (Removing and repairing noise and breakages in data points)

 Data interpolation (Filling in missing data points in the motion data)
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Segmentation
Dividing the motion data into individual movements or actions by
identifying the start and end points of each specific movement.
 Visual inspection (manually identifying the start and end points of motion data)
 Threshold-based methods(defining threshold value for a specific motion e.g. speed etc.)
 Model-based methods (using mathematical models/quantities to describe the motion)

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 HPERSSA

Motion Tracking
Following and measuring the position and orientation of a subject's
body parts as they move through space.
 Optical tracking (capturing the motion of the subject using cameras and tracking the position
and orientation of markers placed on the subject's body)

 Inertial tracking (using motion sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and

magnetometers)

 Model-based tracking (using mathematical models to describe the motion)

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Motion Tracking
Following and measuring the position and orientation of a subject's
body parts as they move through space.

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 HPERSSA

Feature Extraction
The process of identifying and extracting relevant information from
the motion data.
 Time-domain analysis
 Frequency-domain analysis
 Joint kinematics
 Muscle activity
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Statistical analysis
 Statistical techniques and tests such as regression analysis, principal

component analysis, or cluster analysis.

 Descriptive, Inferential, Multivariate, Non-parametric statistics

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Visualization
 Representing the motion data in a graphical or visual form.

Scatter plots Heat maps 3D plots

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IMPLICATIONS FOR PE AND SPORTS

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 SECTION THREE: CONCEPTS OF HUMAN MOTION
ANALYSIS
• INTRODUCTION

• SPACE AWARENESS

• BODY AWARENESS

• EFFORT

• RELATIONSHIP

• CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
• Human movement analysis is the study of how people move and how that relates

to how well they perform in sports.

• It entails the measurement and analysis of a variety of metrics, including joint

angles, muscle activation, and ground reaction forces.

• Human movement analysis can be used in sports to pinpoint weak points in an

athlete's technique, avoid injuries, and enhance training regimens.

 SPACE AWARENESS
• Spatial awareness relates to a person's capacity to perceive and comprehend their

relationship with their environment while moving.

• Space awareness is a tool used in movement analysis to comprehend how a person's

mobility is influenced by how they perceive and comprehend their immediate

surroundings.

• E.g, players capacity to maintain spatial awareness of the field and their teammates is

crucial for efficient positioning and decision-making throughout gameplay

 BODY AWARENESS
• Body awareness enables athletes to perceive and comprehend their own body movements

and spatial positions.

• It enables athletes to carry out movements precisely, keep up good technique, and make

adjustments in real time.

• It helps individuals to understand the physical feelings involved with movement and use

this feedback to enhance their performance.

• Body awareness is very crucial in maintaining good technique and preventing injuries in
 BODY AWARENESS
• Examples

1. Body awareness helps weightlifters keep good form and technique throughout

the lift, lowering the chance of injury (Stone et al., 2002).

2. Body awareness helps gymnasts perform exact moves and maintain good body

alignment, which lowers the danger of falls and injuries (Rettig, 2003).

3. It also helps soccer players maintain optimal balance and coordination during

quick changes in direction and speed (Mohr et al., 2016).

A gymnast using
body awareness to
maintain good body
alignment
 EFFORT
• Effort is the aspects of movement that are evident in an athlete's performance.

• Characteristics such as force, speed, timing, and coordination, are crucial in

determining how well an athlete performs overall in a sport.

• Effort can be used to determine an athlete's strengths and weaknesses and to create

specialized training plans.

• Training programs must aimed at athlete’s areas of weakness in order to achieve

optimal performance
 EFFORT
• Examples

• in sports like track and field where speed and force are crucial, effort can be used to gauge a

competitor's capacity to produce maximal force and speed while retaining good form and

technique.

• In gymnastics, an athlete's performance is judged on their capacity to carry out exact moves with

the proper degree of coordination and control.

• Coaches and trainers must therefore create training plans that put a focus on enhancing

coordination and control using this knowledge.

 RELATIONSHIP
• The term "relationship" in movement analysis refers to how various body parts cooperate to produce

synchronized movements.

• The relationship between different body segments is particularly important in sports, as it affects the

efficiency and effectiveness of movement.

• For example, in running, the relationship between the arms and legs can significantly affect speed and

endurance.

• Efficient runners maintain a relaxed upper body, allowing their arms to swing naturally, while coordinating

the movement of their legs and arms to maximize forward propulsion

 RELATIONSHIP

A runner maintaining a
relaxed upper body and
allowing the arms to
swing naturally.
 CONCLUSION
• In conclusion, movement principles are crucial to sports performance and are something that

athletes must learn if they want to succeed.

• The four fundamental ideas that go into an athlete's capacity for efficient movement are space

awareness, body awareness, effort, and relationship.

• Athletes can enhance their coordination, balance, agility, and overall performance by

understanding these movement concepts.

• These ideas can also be used by coaches and trainers to create training plans that aid in the

development of the abilities required for athletes to succeed in their particular sports.
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