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    Cytoskeleton MA

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    sema rara
    The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments and microtubules that forms the structural framework within cells. It is composed of three main types of protein filaments: intermediate filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments. Intermediate filaments provide strength and support, microtubules give shape and help with cell division, and actin filaments enable cell movement and structure formation. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding of actin and myosin filaments when the myosin crossbridge attaches to actin and pulls the filaments closer together.

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    Cytoskeleton MA

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    sema rara
    44 views22 pages
    The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments and microtubules that forms the structural framework within cells. It is composed of three main types of protein filaments: intermediate filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments. Intermediate filaments provide strength and support, microtubules give shape and help with cell division, and actin filaments enable cell movement and structure formation. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding of actin and myosin filaments when the myosin crossbridge attaches to actin and pulls the filaments closer together.

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    The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments and microtubules that forms the structural framework within cells. It is composed of three main types of protein filaments: intermediate filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments. Intermediate filaments provide strength and support, microtubules give shape and help with cell division, and actin filaments enable cell movement and structure formation. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding of actin and myosin filaments when the myosin crossbridge attaches to actin and pulls the filaments closer together.

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    44 views22 pages

    Cytoskeleton MA

    Uploaded by

    sema rara
    The cytoskeleton is a network of filaments and microtubules that forms the structural framework within cells. It is composed of three main types of protein filaments: intermediate filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments. Intermediate filaments provide strength and support, microtubules give shape and help with cell division, and actin filaments enable cell movement and structure formation. Muscle contraction occurs via the sliding of actin and myosin filaments when the myosin crossbridge attaches to actin and pulls the filaments closer together.

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    of 22

    CYTOSKELETON

    MAHMOUD
    INTRODUCTION

     What is CYTOSKELETON ?
     It is a complex network of filaments and microtubules
    which forms a structural framework known as Cytoskeleton.
     Skeleton and muscle of the cell.
     Also responsible for segregation of chromosomes into
    two daughter cell at cell division.

    The cytoskeleton is built on a framework of
    three types of protein filaments.
     Intermediate filaments
     Microtubules
     Actin filaments
    INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
     Theyhave great tensile strength
    Diameter is about 10 nm.
     Made up of fibrous intermediate proteins.
    Composed of two anti parallel dimer
    TYPES OF INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
    1. Keratin filaments
    2. Vimentin filaments
    3. Neurofilaments
    4. Nuclear lamins
    DISORDERS OF INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
    5. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)
    6. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
    7. Progeria
    Microtubule
    s Long hollow cylinders made up of tubulin.

     25 nm in diameter.
     Provide internal shape and support to cell.
     Also involve in nucleic and cell division.
     Two types of tubulin are found alpha tubulin and beta tubulin.
    STRUCTURE OF MICROTUBULES
    CILIA AND FLAGELLA
     Cilia and flagella are hair like structure.
     Made up of microtubules and covered by extension of plasma
    membrane.
     Cilia and flagella move liquid past the surface of the cell.
     They create current for obtaining food from aquatic medium.
     On epithelial cell lining of respiratory tract huge no. of cilia
    are found.
    9 + 2 arrangement

     Drugs that affect microtubules


    Taxol
    Colchicine
    Vinblastin
    e
    Actin Filaments
    Present throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell.

    Present just beneath the plasma membrane, therefore supports the outer
    layer of cell.

    Responsible for movement,


    especially involving cell surface.

    Can form structures like


    microvilli on
    the brush bordered cells lining
    the intestine.
    Actin filaments grow by addition of actin monomer but in
    order to stop more of addition of actin monomer, proteins
    such as thymosin and profilin binds to the monomers.
    Movement by Actin Filament
    1)Cell pushes out protrusions at its leading
    edge. 2)Then these protrusions adhere to the
    surface.
    3)Rest of the cell drags itself forward on these
    anchorage
    points.
    Muscle Contraction
    Myosin along with actin was first discovered with skeletal
    muscle.
    Myosin I Myosin II
    1)have only one head 1) have two ATPase heads
    and a tail and a tail
    2)Muscle myosin
    belongs to
    myosin II.
    1. Each muscle fiber is a single, long, cylindrical muscle
    cell.

    2. Sarcolemma-cell membrane
    Sarcoplasm-cytoplasm with many mitochondria and
    nuclei. It has myofibrils. -myofibrils are separated
    into compartments called sarcomeres that contain
    thick filaments and thin filaments.

    a. Thick filaments of myofibrils are made up of


    the protein myosin.
    b. Thin filaments of myofibrils are made up of the
    protein
    actin.
    Thin filament Thick filament
    3. A sarcomere extends from Z line to Z line.
    a. I bands
    -light bands
    -made up of actin
    -anchored to Z lines
    b. A bands
    -dark bands
    -made up of overlapping thick and thin filaments.
    c. In the center of A bands is an H zone, consisting of myosin filaments
    only.
    Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction
    -the myosin crossbridge attaches to the binding site on
    the actin filament and bends, pulling on the actin
    filament
    -it then releases and attaches to the next binding site on
    the
    actin,pulling again.

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