METHODS OF

PRESENTATION
Contents
•Preparing an oral presentation
•Presenting an oral presentation
•posters
Preparing an Oral Presentation
• Identify the expectations of the assignment
• How long should the presentation be?
• Understand your purpose.
• Know your audience
• structure your talk so that anyone in the audience can
understand what you are presenting
• Complexity is not a necessity, it is an annoyance
Preparing an Oral Presentation
Be organized
• Make sure you give yourself enough time to deliver all the
information you want in a calm manner.
• Allocate time for questions/answers.
• Be able to summarize your presentation in five minutes.
• Be concise, Use your space wisely, Use illustrations, Check
grammar, spelling, and lay out of each slide.
• Keep an outline with you during the presentation; it will help
you stay on track.
• Prepare back up slides. These will come in handy if a question
comes up about a topic that needs further explanation.
Strategies to Highlight Important Points
Include:
• Repeating or reiterating an important idea
• Using key words/vocab
• Doing the unexpected (using humor, telling an
anecdote, changing your tone or volume, presenting
an attention grabbing visual, getting the audience
involved).
Memory Aids
Also help the audience follow your ideas.
• Some examples are:
• Repeating key words or ideas
• Restating your thesis when you changeover into a new idea
• Grouping a set of ideas together under a single heading
• Giving a short internal summary
• Explaining to the audience exactly why you re telling them a
particular piece of information
Additional
• Dress appropriately for the occasion.
• Be solemn if your topic is serious.
• Look pleasant, enthusiastic, confident, proud, but
not arrogant.
• Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous.
Presentations
What is important in a presentation?
• Words
• Voice
• Body language
Presentations
Structure the presentation
• scenario
• sequence of data, idea
Presentation AND Preparation!
• presentation 20%
• preparation 80%
Presentations
• Words 7%
• Voice 38%
• Body 55%
Presentations
Composition of the slides
166
1 Idea per slide
6 words per line
6 lines per slide
Presentations
Composition of the slides
• 166
• Simple
• Clear
Presentations
Composition of the slides
Percentage influence of the five senses:
• Seeing 73%
• Hearing 11%
• Touching 7%
• Tasting 4%
• Smelling 3%
Presentations
Composition of the slides
• First visual effect
• Text comes afterwards
Presentations
Composition of the slides
• Sober background
• Bring the essential items
• Explain visual items
Presentations
Reading direction
Presentations
Composition of the slides
Character choice:
• italic to indicate a difference
• bold or underlined to indicate the importance
• put enough distance between sentences
• avoid too much centering
• no continuous text with capitals
Presentations
Composition of the slides
Use of colours
• Pay attention to contrast background/text
Presentations
Composition of the slides
General suggestion:
• Keep enough white and empty space
• The presentation should …• breathe
• Provide animation but don’t make the audience
dizzy
Presenting an Oral Presentation
DON’Ts
• Let your nervousness distract the audience
• Speak too quickly
• Read directly from a script
• Pace, rock, slouch, tap your hands or feet, twirl your hair, or
adjust your clothes
• Constantly use distracting hand gestures
• Chew gum, eat, or drink
• Repeat filler words like: um, er, uh, basically, you know, and
like
• Speak with rising inflection (when the ends of your sentences
rise in tone like a question)
Presenting an Oral Presentation
DOs
• Breathe
• Appear confident and knowledgeable
• Speak slowly and clearly
• Maintain good eye contact
• Occupy the space
• Stand up straight
• Use natural hand motions for emphasis
• Be prepared for Q&A
• Relax
Practice, Practice, Practice
• Do a test run in front of a mirror
• Demonstrate your presentation for a friend
• Videotape it
• Don’t forget to:
-Use your notecards!
-Time it!
Using Power Point Effectively
Visuals
• Images must be relevant and enhance the
presentation in a meaningful way.
• Tables, charts, and graphs should be easy to read and
understand.
• Don’t over do animations!
• Don’t forget to Proofread your visuals!
 Design Styles
• YOUR PRESENTATION SHOULD HAVE ONE DESIGN
STYLE APPLIED TO IT, INCLUDING BACKGROUND

• This also includes font style, size, color and effects

• Sl�des �n ih�s preseniai �on are all d �ffereni

• How distracting is that?

LARGE PARAGRAPHS OF TEXT
• Before you get started Iid like to share a few ideas regarding
PowerPointis capabilities and uses. PowerPoint is a powerful tool
that enhances a presentation, providing the main points in a
visually exciting way. It is a tool that is meant to supplement the
speaker, not replace him or her. This is something that is very
important to keep in mind. PowerPoint is meant to combine
graphics with text to give the most effective presentation possible
to an audience. Therefore, each slide in a presentation should
contain at least one graphic with text. Here are a few general rule
of thumb ideas to keep in mind while creating a Powerpoint
Presentation
TERRIBLE
PRESENTATIONS
( and how to not give one)
Mommy, my eyes are burning!
• Can you look at this for 45 minutes?
• Colors look different on every LCD projector
• Colors look different between transparencies and
projector
• Side note: if printing slides, may want to choose
white background to save ink!
Contrast Guidelines
• White background, black text is clearest
• Can use other (dark) text colors
• But be careful – don’t be distracting!
• Make sure to not use light-on-white or white-on-light
• Don t using glaring colors
• If not an art major, don’t have to get fancy
I See A Ghost
• More contrast on monitor than projector
• Different projectors == different results
• Colors to avoid with white are:
• Light Green
• Light Blue
Usually can’t
• Pale Yellow
read this

Your slides should have good contrast

Equations
Keep It Simple
• Do you really need all those equations?
• This is very instance-dependent!
• Depends on what you re discussing
• Depends on your audience
• Sometimes you may need them
• Explain the variables and what they mean
• Give a “plain-text description of it
• If you don t need them, don t use them!
Results
• you have lots of cool
results
• No one can read this
• No one can
understand this
•  Graphs are your
friend
Use Simple Examples
• This isn’t one. It doesn’t help.
Graphs Can Also Be The Enemy
Summary/Conclusion
• If your talk is more than 5 minutes, nice to
summarize work & results
• Bring people back if they zoned out
• Remind them why you’re great
• Give “selling points here
• 30x performance increase with only 10% area penalty
• Described novel method to create clean fuel from
used cat litter
Bad Presentations
• Audience won’t see your work is great
• But will make fun of you from back row

What does
Those are some that slide
NASTY colors… say?

Please let
it be zzz
OVER…
Good Presentations
• Interesting topic, explained at audience’s level
• Slides are understandable and easy to see
• Good presentations reflect well on speaker!

I wonder if this
technique would I understand
also work for this one
my problem
I never
thought Interesting
of that
When a poster or a presentation ?
Presentation Poster
• Time restrictions • Time for discussion
• Limited time for • Specific audience with
discussion high level of interest
• Varied audience • Personal contact
• Difficult to keep • Use as display
attention
• Many distractions
POSTER
PRESENTATION
Your audience ?
• Those who work in the same area and who are familiar with your
work
• Those who work in a similar area
• Those who work in a different area
Top characteristics
• Attractive
 
 
• Interesting
 
 
• Legible
Poster Design
• Horizontal (landscape) – vertical (portrait)
• Colour: - highlight information
• do not exagerate
• Use visials: graphs, tables, illustrations
• Use shapes: nun
• Use bullets:* •
Most important items
• TITEL: attractive

 
• AIM or OBJECTIVES: motivation
 
 
• CONCLUSION: most important outcome
Poster design
• Use simple font (comic sans, arial, bold)
• Use large font size
• Use upper/lower case

Title Font size

Author(s): 48 - 72 pt
Title: 72 – 120 pt (5 – 10 m)
Affiliation(s): 36 - 48 pt
Headings: 48 – 80 pt
Text: 36 – 50 pt (1.5 – 2 m)
Acknowledgements: 18 pt
Spacing
• Verify the poster dimensions (portrait/landscape)
• Blank space is important
• 4 to 6 separate modules
• Guide the reader through the poster by numbers, arrows, etc.: 1. 2.
3. 4., , ⇐⇑⇒⇓
Common fonts
• Arial
• Comic sans
• Times new Toman
• Palantino linotype
• Bookman old style
Tables and figures
• Keep them simple !!!!
IMRAD organization
NO abstract
I = introduction - objectives
M = materials and methods
R = results
A = and
D = discussion/Conclusions

NO references (or minimum)

Spatial organization
Sequence:
center top: title, name, affiliation, (conclusions)
Top left: objectives
top right: results
bottom left: materials and methods
bottom right: table or figure conclusions
You as presenter
Do Don t
• Know your subject • Be distracted
• Nice appearance • Be discouraged by lack of audience
• Be friendly • Forget pins, tape
• Be PROFESSIONAL • Leave your poster
• Display your photo • Ship your poster
• Have business cards
• Hand carry poster
Attention-getting shapes
ABC of Poster presentation

• Audience
• Brief
• Clear
• Devoted
• Enthousiastic
DOs and DON Ts
• Do this ...
• The layout has about 20% text, 40% graphics and 40% empty space
• All letters are big and differentiated according to position and
section
• Pictures, figures and illustrations dominate visually
• Headings, text, graphic elements are large to be visible from a
distance of two meters
• Background is (absent) but sections are divided hierarchically with
blocks, columns and sizes of text
• The poster is supplied with cues to help readers follow your
presentation
• The poster is broken up into sections, much like a scientific article
Dos and Don’t s
• Do show some enthusiasm and energy. If you're not excited about
your topic, why should the audience be?
• Do face your audience. If you need to see your slides, then look
either at the overhead projector in front of you or at the screen on
the computer running your presentation.
• Do speak loudly enough to be heard by the entire audience, even
those in the back row
• ... not this
• There is too much text in the poster
• Text printed uniformly with small letters of about 10-12-point font
• Visuals are on a dark background and take place in a random way
• All text and graphic elements are run into each other and are small,
that does not allow to be legible or have a good look
• Background too bright or too dark, the text in one block is light
• Very difficult to identify the most important parts of the poster and
the viewers have no idea of organizational flow
• The poster is as one long, meandering thread
Questions?

THANK YOU!

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