CAPSTONE PROJECT PLANNING (22058)

PROJECT TITLE
SOLAR RECHARGEABLE ELECTRIC
SCOOTER
PREPARED BY :

1) Atharva Upasani Roll No. 41

2) Prasad Wakchaure Roll No. 44
3) Rajeshwari Shinde Roll No. 48
4) Dikshal Khairnar Roll No. 49

THIRD YEAR MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

 K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik.
Hirabai Haridas Vidyanagari, Amrutdham, Panchavati, Nashik-422003
Department of Mechanical engineering

Project Guide: Prof. V. S. Kalamani (H.O.D. Mech. Dept.)

Project Coordinator: Prof. D. S. Zalte
 ABSTRACT

Now a days, petrol engine is widely used in vehicles which consumes

petrol as a charge and hence operates vehicle.
Now a days, there are limited availability of crude oils. It is necessary to
find the alternate way. Electric bike is one of the most useful innovation.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) provide a clean and pollution free mode of
transportation. Zero pollution is achieved by using electric bikes.
Latest electric vehicles require recharging of batteries on daily basis as per
use. We are searching the renewable source for charging the scooter.
However, electric vehicles are only sustainable if electricity used to charge
them comes from sustainable source of energy. That’s why we thought to
charge the scooter on the universally available solar energy. This scooter is
useful for environment as well as it is social wellbeing.  
 
 MAIN MENU

1. INTRODUCTION
• RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

• SOLAR ENERGY

2. LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM DEFINE

3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
• DESIGN OF SCOOTER
• BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT E-SCOOTER

• SELECTION OF COMPONENTS

• ADDITIONAL FEATURES

• TENTATIVE DESIGN

4. CONCLUSION
1. INTRODUCTION
• Now a days most of vehicles are running on petrol and diesel which are non-renewable
energy source and produce pollution in the environment.
• IC engines releases CO2, CO, NO2 and hydrocarbons in the environment and makes
human life uncomfortable.
• There is limited availability of crude oils.

• Electricity is the best replacement of fuel. Electric vehicles are pollution free
transportation.
• In this project we are using universally available solar energy for producing electricity
required to run an electric scooter.
1.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

• A renewable energy resource is a natural source of energy which can be

replenished with the passage or any other natural processes.
• 16 % of total global energy consumption comes from renewable energy
resources.
1.2 SOLAR ENERGY

• Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of
ever-evolving technologies. Its technologies are characterized as passive
solar and active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or
convert it into solar power.

• The large magnitude of solar energy available makes it a highly appealing source of
electricity.
• In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "The development of affordable,
inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term
benefits.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM DEFINE

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY 1

TITLE:- Mobility Scooter Having Solar Panel for Charging Batteries.

AUTHOR:- Howard Clark

A battery powered electric vehicle, such as a mobility scooter, has a solar panel for
supplying power to one or more of the vehicle's batteries. A frame may be attached to
the rear of the scooter to support two photovoltaic cell solar panels. The frame may be
adjustable to vary the height of the panel. The panel may be retrofitted to an existing
scooter.

PROBLEM DEFINITION 1
We have done our first literature survey on the “Mobility Scooter Having Solar Panel
for Charging Batteries”. Behind doing this survey there is a problem, all the world is
facing. And that problem is global warming. Petrol and diesel engines work as a prime
mover in which the fuel is burnt within the engine and the products of combustion serve
as the thermodynamic fluid, as with gasoline and diesel engine.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM DEFINE

2.2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2

TITLE:- Feasibility Study of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Model.
AUTHORS:- Bin Ye, Jingjing Jiang, Lixin Miao, Peng Yang, Ji Li, Bo Shen

This paper proposes a model of solar-powered charging stations for electric vehicles to
mitigate problems encountered in China’s renewable energy utilization processes and to
cope with the increasing power demand by electric vehicles for the near future. This
study applies the proposed model to Shenzhen City to verify its technical and economic
feasibility.

PROBLEM DEFINITION 2
After the previous survey we go further for the second research. Now a days carbon
percent in the environment of the is increasing very highly. Daily use vehicles are
contributing the increasing percentage of carbon in climate. There is increase in
pollution, because the use for petrol and diesel vehicles is increasing widely. It is getting
necessary to find alternatives for conventional vehicle.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM DEFINE

2.3 LITERATURE SURVEY 3

TITLE:- Solar Based Electrical Vehicles With Conductive Plastics.

AUTHOR:- Patrapalli Durga Venkata Lakshmi, Madhu Manikya Kumar, Sornapudi
Durga Prasad, Kavali Sanjay Bhargav

The conversion of sunlight into electricity can be achieved using a solar cell and is one
of the most attractive future source of energy. This project describes the characteristic of
an organic cell. Organic solar cells are attracting a lot of attention due to some intrinsic
advantageous characteristics like flexibility, light weight and large area applications,
and significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency.

PROBLEM DEFINITION 3
From this research, the concept of solar based electric scooter is completely understood.
This research was to necessary in concern with the following problem definition.
This exhaust gases consists of Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydro carbons.
This gases are harmful for environment as well as human.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM DEFINE

2.4 LITERATURE SURVEY 4

TITLE:- Study Of Solar Energy Operated Hybrid Mild Cars: A Review.

AUTHOR:- Ranjeet Singh, Manoj Kumar Gaur, Chandra Shekhar Malvizz

A large amount of research on solar energy operated hybrid mild cars and solar cars
have been considering the recent 10 year development. In this paper, a study on past,
present and future solar energy applications, has been presented to the main issue of
solar car, technical parameters and the model structure have been discussed. The
objective of this work is to estimate the potential of energies, solar energy and IC engine
power. Both powers will be utilized in near future work.
 
PROBLEM DEFINITION 4
Electric vehicles (EV’s) are best alternative for conventional vehicles. Here electricity is
used to run the vehicles. Latest electric vehicles require recharging of batteries on daily
basis as per use. Electric vehicles provide a clean and pollution free mode of
transportation. This vehicles are simple in construction and this vehicles have low
maintenance cost as there are less number of parts.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM DEFINE

2.5 LITERATURE SURVEY 5

TITLE:- Solar Energy Contribution To An EV Needs On The Basis Of Long-Term

Measurements.
AUTHOR:- Em. Kostopoulo, G. Spyropoulos, K. Christopoulos , J.K. Kaldellis

In this project, the current study till now provides useful insight with regards to RES-
based electro mobility, using real measurements from the operation of the innovative,
solar-based EV charging station. The particular installment can operate both
autonomously and connected to the local grid and it is helpful for the creation of smart
grids and future smart cities.
 
PROBLEM DEFINITION 5
Electricity can be produced by different sources. We are searching the renewable source
for charging the scooter. That’s why we thought to charge the scooter on the universally
available solar energy. Solar energy is easily available in the environment.
However, Charging electric vehicles from solar energy provides a sustainable means of
transportation.
3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

We have proposed a methodology to solve the problems. Our methodology is

divided in different parts, under different titles.
Sequence of proposed methodology is as follows –

• Proposed Methodology 1 – Design of scooter

• Proposed Methodology 2 – Basic Information about E – Scooter.
• Proposed Methodology 3 - Selection of Components
• Proposed Methodology 4 – Extra Features of Proposed Scooter
• Proposed Methodology 5 – Tentative Design of Scooter
3.1 DESIGN OF SCOOTER

We are preparing a model of a scooter which will have solar panels. For
producing this model, designing is important. Design gives the basic idea about
the product. There are different software available for the designing of the
products. Software to be used are –
1. AutoCad
2. PTC Creo Parametric 3.0
3. Catia
3.2 BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT E-SCOOTER

Electric motorcycles and scooters are plug-in electric vehicles with two or three wheels.

The electricity is stored on board in a rechargeable battery, which drives one or
more electric motors. The general key points are:

• POWER SOURCE : Lithium ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries.

• CHARGING : Recharge by plugging in outlet for overnight.
• HYBIRD : Can be run on fuel as well as on electricity.
• RANGE : Have a fixed distance running on single charged.
• PERFORMANCE : Faster and better handling since it develop faster full torque.
• MAINTENANCE : No. of Frictional component are less, wear-tear is lesser.
• FUEL COST : Electricity is enormously cheap than fuel.
3.2 SELECTION OF COMPONENTS

To produce a complete model of scooter we required number of different components. So

our proposed methodology 3 includes all the information about components.
Major component of the electric scooter are:

1. Solar Panels
2. Electric Motor
3. Batteries
4. Wheels
5. Brake
6. Steering System
7. Speedometer, Accelerator, etc.
 MAJOR COMPONENTS
SOLAR PANEL :- A Solar Panels (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical
device that helps in the conversion of a light energy directly into electrical energy by
creating voltage when it gets exposed to light.

The working of photovoltaic cells required 3 basic features,

1. The absorbing of light, generating electron-hole pairs.
2. The separation of charge carries of unlike types.
3. The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit.
 MAJOR COMPONENTS

ELECTRIC MOTOR :- An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts

electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are different types of electric motor used
in EV’s. Some types of motors are discussed below.

1. DC SERIES MOTOR 2. BRUSHLESS MOTOR

 MAJOR COMPONENTS

BATTERY :- A Battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with

external connection provided to power electrical devices.
Batteries convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy. Solar panels are
connected to battery. Energy taken form the solar rays on the panels, is then saved in
batteries and passes to the electric motor used.
There are mainly two types of batteries are used:
1. LEAD ACID BATTERY 2. LITHIUM ION BATTERY
3.4 ADDITIONAL FEATURE

 Additional feature is a distinctive characteristics of a good or service that sets it apart

from similar items.
 Customers, however, want a benefit and do not care much about the features which
are touted by every supplier as unique or superior.
 Main and important feature of the bike is an Emergency switch. Emergency switch is
a new concept. There is no such type of switch in another vehicles.

Purpose of Emergency Switch

In case of accident it will call or

message your contact persons
and send them you GPS
location.
3.5 TENTATIVE DESIGN OF SCOOTER
4. CONCLUSION

Now a days, there are limited availability of crude oils. It is necessary to find
some alternatives for petrol and diesel vehicles. Electric bike is one of the most
useful innovation. As well as electric vehicle is a great alternative for petrol fueled
vehicles. Electric Vehicles (EVs) like electric cars, e – bikes provide a clean and
pollution free mode of transportation. Zero pollution is achieved by using electric
bikes. But E-vehicles need electricity to charge its batteries, and as we know
electricity is generated by using Non-Renewable sources of energy such as coal. So
to overcome this problem, we are working on E-vehicles for our Capstone Project.
In which we are trying to charge an electric scooter by using Renewable source of
energy. Hence, we selected the topic “SOLAR RECHARGEABLE ELECTRIC
SCOOTER” to contribute for sustainable environment.
Thank You for your Kind Attention