Air Break System Presentation 2

AIR BRAKE SYSTEM
By:
Ahmed Izzeldin Yassin
What is pneumatic
Pneumatics (From Greek: πνεύμα pneuma, meaning breath of life).
Pneumatic is defined as the use of pressurized air to do work.
Applications:
1. Air brakes on buses and trucks
2. Air compressors
3. HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) control systems etc.
Brakes and braking:
To move a vehicle, an internal combustion
engine must convert its heat energy to
mechanical energy.
 The brakes must convert this energy of
motion back into the energy of heat.
The heat produced by the braking progress is absorbed into the atmosphere.
When enough friction is created between brake linings and drums, the wheels stop
turning.
BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Basic system components:
1. Compressor
2. Reservoirs
3. Foot valve
4. Brake chambers
5. Brake shoes and drums
compresso Brake Brake shoe

Reservoir Foot valve
r chamber and drum
Compressor:
The function of the air compressor is to build up and maintain air pressure required
to operate air brakes and air-powered accessories.
All compressors run continuously while the
engine is running, but air compression is
controlled and limited by a governor
which loads or unloads the compressor.
Reservoir:
 hold a supply of compressed air until required for braking or operating auxiliary air
systems.
They must store a sufficient volume of
air to allow several brake applications
if the engine stops or the compressor fails.
Brake shoes and drums:
ADDITIONS TO THE BASIC SYSTEM
Basic system operation:
Additions to the basic system:
1. service reservoir
2. air pressure gauge
3. low warning switch
4. relay valve
5. safety valve
6. front brake ratio valve
7. one-way check valve
DUAL AIR SYSTEMS
Dual air systems:
 all heavy-duty vehicles on the road today are using a dual-circuit air system. The
system has been developed to prevent total brake failures and give you more control.
As its name suggests, the dual system is two systems or circuits in one. One circuit
operates from the primary reservoir and the other circuit operates from the secondary
reservoir.
If one circuit has a failure, the other circuit is isolated and will continue to operate.
Simple dual circuit:
Dual-circuit air system:
SPRING-BRAKE CHAMBERS
Spring-brake chambers
(emergency/park brake):
A spring-brake chamber functions as a service-brake chamber, an emergency brake
in case of air-pressure loss somewhere in the system.
They are a reliable parking brake because they are held on by spring pressure and
require no air.
Spring brakes consist of two separate air chambers. The front chamber is essentially
a service-brake chamber rear chamber houses a large, powerful compression spring
and diaphragm and performs emergency and parking functions.
Parking-brake system
normal running condition Park and emergency Service application

application
Dual-circuit system with spring parking
brakes
Two-way check valve:
This allows air to be directed to one delivery pipe from either of two sources.
A two-way check valve allows the source applying the higher pressure to shift the
shuttle so that the higher pressure will be directed to the delivery port.
AIR BRAKE FAILURE
Air Brake Failure:
Air brake failure are a factor in more than 25% of all serious truck crashes resulting
in fatalities or injuries,(according to a 2006 study by the U.S. Department of
Transportation)
BRAKES RELEASE TOO SLOWLY
WITH PEDAL RELEASED
PROBABLE CAUSE Possible remedy
Weak or broken diaphragm return replace brake spring

spring.
Defective quick-release valve, Replace quick-release valve

Brake grab when pedal is depressed
Probable cause Possible remedy
Brake shoe clearance too great replace it
Grease or oil on linings Clean lining or replace it
Brakes need relining Replace brake shoes

Improper air pressure:
Probable cause Possible remedy
Air pressure in system is above Check governor settings, adjust air

normal compressor unloading valve.
Replace governor if necessary.
Air reservoir damaged Inspect air reservoir and replace if

necessary
Advantages of Air Brakes in Heavy
Trucks
The chief advantage of air brakes over hydraulic brakes is their combination of
stopping power and inherent safety.

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What are the basic components of an air brake system?

How does a dual air system work?

AIR BRAKE SYSTEM

compresso Brake Brake shoe

normal running condition Park and emergency Service application

Weak or broken diaphragm return replace brake spring

Defective quick-release valve, Replace quick-release valve

Grease or oil on linings Clean lining or replace it

Brakes need relining Replace brake shoes

Air pressure in system is above Check governor settings, adjust air

Air reservoir damaged Inspect air reservoir and replace if

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