Higher Technological Institute Chemical Engineering Department

HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

1- Define:
◦ Equilibrium- chemical equilibrium

◦ Equilibrium: the state at which forces of action and reaction cancel each other and no change
take place.
◦ Chemical equilibrium: is the state where the concentration of all reactants and products remain
constant with time.
And can be achieved when:
- The rate of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
- The concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant
2- What is the effect of a catalyst on equilibrium state?
◦No
effect of catalyst on forward and backward reactions, it only helps to achieve
equilibrium faster.
3- Write the equilibrium constant Kc expression for the following reactions

a) 4H2O (g) ⇋ Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2
b) CH4 (g) + 2 H2O (g) ⇋ CO2 (g) +4H2 (g)
c) CaCO3 (s) ⇋CaO (s) +CO2 (g)
d) H2 (g) +I2 (g) ⇋ 2HI (g)
a)
b)
c)
d)
4- If Kc = 8 at 100°C for the reaction, 2A (g) + B (g) ⇋2C (g), then what is
the value of Kc for the reaction, 2C (g) ⇋ 2A (g) + B (g)?
◦ = (1/8) = 0.125
5- Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction

A (g) + B (g) ⇋C (g) + D (g)
If at equilibrium 1 mol of A, 0.5 mole of B, 3.0 mole of C and 10 mol of D are present in two-
liter
vessel.
Conc = no of mole /vol
[A] = 1⁄2 (mol/liter)
[B] = 0.5/2 = 0.25 (mol/liter)
[C] = 3/2 = 1.5 (mol/liter)
[D] = 10/2 = 5 (mol/liter)
Kc = = 60
6- If Kc = 1.5 x 102 at 100°C for the reaction, 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇋ 2SO3 (g), then what
is the value of Kc for the reaction, SO2 (g) + 1/2O2 (g) ⇋ SO3 (g)?
◦ Kc for first reaction =(Kc for second reaction)^2

◦ Kc for second reaction = √(1.5 ∗ 10^2) = 12.25
7- If Kc = 2 at 100°C for the reaction, 2A (g) + B (g) ⇋2C (g), then what is the
value of Kc for the reaction, 4C (g) ⇋ 4A (g) + 2B (g)?
Kc for second reaction =(1/Kc for first reaction)^2
Kc = (1/2)^2 = 0.25
8- What is the value of Kp for the reaction; 2NOCl (g) ⇋ 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) at 400
°C if Kc for this reaction is 2.1x10-2mol/L?
Kp = Kc (RT)^∆n
(where ∆n is sum no of moles of products – sum no of moles of reactants)
Kp = (2.1*10^-2) (0.082*(400+273))^(1+2-2) = 1.159
9- What is the effect of decreasing pressure on the following reactions?

C (s) + CO (g) ⇋ 2CO (g)
2HI (g) ⇋H2 (g) + I2 (g)
◦ In the forward direction

◦ No effect of decreasing pressure
10- In an experiment carried out at 298 K, 4.0 mol of NOCl were placed in a 2 litre
flask and after the equilibrium was reached 1.32 mol of NO were formed.
Calculate Kc at 298 K for the reaction 2NOCl (g) ⇋ 2 NO (g) + Cl2 (g)
2NOCl(g) ↔ 2NO(g) + 1Cl2(g)
Initial 4 0 0 (at the beginning before equilibrium)
Reacted X X X/2 (reacted amount of reactant and produced amount of products)
Product (4-X) X X/2 (at equilibrium)
So X= 1.32 (from givens)
At equilibrium:
Conc of [NOCl] = n / vol = (4−1.32)/2 = 1.34 (mol/liter)
Conc [NO] = 1.32/2 = 0.66 (mol/liter)
Conc [Cl2] = (1.32/2)/2 = 0.33 (mol/liter)
Kc = (0.33∗(0.66)^2)/ (1.34)^2 = 0.08
Kp =kc * (RT)^n
N= no of mole product – no of mole reactant = 3-2 =1
11- The equilibrium constant Kp for the decomposition of PCl5 (g) ⇋PCl3 (g) +
`Cl2(g) Is 1.05at 250 oC. If the equilibrium partial pressures of PCl5, and PCl3 are
0.875 atm and 0.463 atm, respectively, what is the equilibrium partial pressure of
Cl2 at 250 oC.
Kp = (pCl2* pPCl3)/ pPCl5 = 1.05

pCl2 =(1.05∗0.875)/ 0.463 = 1.984
12- Consider the following system at equilibrium:

CH4 (g) + 2H2O (g) ⇋ CO2 (g) + 4H2 (g)
What changes will cause the equilibrium to shift to form more CO2?
◦ Decreasing pressure
◦ Add more from the reactants
◦ Remove H2 or CO2 gas
13- What is the value of Kp for the reaction 2 COCl g ⇋2 CO g + Cl2 g at 900 °C if
Kc for this reaction is 0.083 mol/L?
Kp = (0.083)(0.082*(900+273))^(1+2-2) = 7.983
14- At 300 οc the equilibrium constant for the reaction N2 (g) +O2 (g) ⇋ 2NO (g) is
Kc= 0.016 mole/L. at equilibrium the molar concentration of N2 and O2 are 0.04
M and 0.06 M respectively. Calculate the concentration of NO g at equilibrium.
Kc =[NO]^2/ [N2][O2] = 0.016

[NO]^2 = 3.84*10^-5
[NO] = 0.0062 M
15- Write the expression relates Kp to Kc for the following reactions:
a) 2A (g) +B (g) ⇋ C (g)
b) 3A (g) +2B (g) ⇋5C (g)
c) Kp = Kc (RT)^-2
d) Kp = Kc (RT)^ 0 =Kc
16 - Which procedure will shift the equilibrium reaction from right to left?
A (g) +2B (g) ⇋C (g) + D (g)
◦ Decreasing pressure
◦ Add more from the products
◦ Remove any of the reactants
17. What happened if the temperature increased for the following reaction?
2SO3 (g) +ΔH ⇋ 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
The reaction will move in the forward direction

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HIGHER TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

◦ Equilibrium- chemical equilibrium

3- Write the equilibrium constant Kc expression for the following reactions

5- Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction

◦ Kc for first reaction =(Kc for second reaction)^2

9- What is the effect of decreasing pressure on the following reactions?

◦ In the forward direction

Kp = (pCl2* pPCl3)/ pPCl5 = 1.05

12- Consider the following system at equilibrium:

Kc =[NO]^2/ [N2][O2] = 0.016

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