GLOBAL POPULATION and

MOBILITY
Global Population and Mobility

• Global City

• Global Demography

• Global Migration
Global City
The World is Flat (Freidman, Thomas)
• According, to Friedman’s main argument he indicates that the world is flat after all. “The world is
flat” is a phrase that Friedman uses as a figure of speech to gain the reader’s attention. The
metaphor implies that globalization has flatten the world over the years and it will continue to do
so. His main argument holds a strong opinion about what globalization has become and how the
factors has affected all over the world. What’s interesting is how Friedman uses this phrase, in
order to see globalization in a very controversy way. In other words, his main argument really
allows the reader to see a new perspective of how the world has “flatten” due to globalization..
Three stages of Globalization
according to Thomas Freidman

• Globalization 1.0 or known as the age of

mercantilism and colonialism (1492 to 1800)
Globalization 1.0
• shrank the world from a size large to a size
medium, and the dynamic force in that era
was countries globalizing for resources and
imperial conquest.
Three stages of Globalization
according to Thomas Freidman
• The age of Pax Britannica

• During the Globalization 2.0, the Great Globalization 1.0

Britain was the hegemonic power in terms of
trade and economy.

• The driving forces during this time were the

new institutions, particularly the emergence Globalization 2.0
of Global markets and multinational
corporations

• It has shrank the world from a size medium

to a size small, and it was spearheaded by
companies globalizing for markets and labor.
Three stages of Globalization
according to Thomas Freidman
• After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1980’s,
the United States of America became the
sole superpower in the so-called Unipolar
Globalization 1.0
World.

• America became the hegemonic power in

terms of security, trade, and economy.
Globalization 2.0
• By the 1800 all through 2000 the world was
getting smaller than before, Labor and trade
being the main base.

Globalization 3.0
Multinational Corporations(MNCs)

• MNCs play a substantial role in the global economy. Compared to nation-states, MNCs are more
flexible and independent, as nation-states seem to lack the capacity to dictate how MNCs ought to
behave. Alongside with the nation-states, MNCs plays a pivotal role on the international political
community, in terms of their capacity to sustain themselves and considerably influence the
members of the international community. MNCs, in a sense, have the capacity to erase and
transcend the borders of the world. Products and goods have the intrinsic capability to attract any
target market regardless of the geographical location and ideology.
Soft Power

• According to Joseph Nye (2004), this form of power "arises from the attractiveness of a

country's culture, political ideas and policies.“

• The attraction has always been more effective than force; shared values such as democracy, human

rights, and individual opportunities are highly persuasive.

Global City

•Serves as a hub within a globalized economic system, and telecommunications.

•A constant interaction among a wide array of cultures is a conglomeration of cultures in a

particular geographical setting

•Interconnected in global production and financial networks

•Into competition with one another to command increasing resources and to promote their cities
as global

•The concept and manifestation of the Global city is an evidence of the figuratively speaking,
smaller and more connected world.
Characteristics of Global City

1. Cultural diversity of people

2. Existence of a center of economy

3. Geographic dispersal of economic activities that marks globalization

4. Global reach performance

Global Demography
Demography

- concerned with births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which later illustrates the

changing structure of human populations. It can also be a statistical study to determine world

population to be used in identifying certain phenomenon in geopolitics, public administration,

and others.

- It is the study of the issues and developments of the Global Population. Basically, it lays out the

present condition of the world and its population.

 Japan Other
Philippines
1% 2% China
India
Mexico
2% Iran Turkey Germany Thailand US
Ethopia 1% 1% 1% 1% Indonesia
Russia 1% Brazil
2% Congo Other
1% 30% Pakistan
Bangladesh Nigeria
2%
Egypt Bangladesh
1%
Nigeria Russia
3%
Vietnam Mexico
1%
Pakistan Japan
3% Ethopia
Brazil
Philippines
3%
India China Vietnam
Indonesia 18% 18% Egypt
3%
Congo
US Iran
4%
Turkey
Germany
Thailand

2017 World Population Percentage

• According to Friedman (2005), change is inevitable because of the flattening of the world. One

thing he learned from his experience is that the 21st century is becoming more globalized and

interconnected.

• According to Ronald Lee (2003), demography is currently in transition; the morality rate

declined followed by the fertility, causing population growth rates to accelerate and then to slow

down again. This demographic transition leads to low fertility, long life, and an old population.
Demographic Theories

Malthusian Theory

Thomas Malthus (1766–1834) was an English clergyman who made dire predictions about earth’s
ability to sustain its growing population.

According to Malthusian theory, three factors would control human population that exceeded the
earth’s carrying capacity, or how many people can live in a given area considering the amount of
available resources.
Malthus identified these factors as war, famine, and disease (Malthus 1798).

He termed them “positive checks” because they increase mortality rates, thus keeping the population
in check. They are countered by “preventive checks,” which also control the population but by
reducing fertility rates; preventive checks include birth control and celibacy.

Thinking practically, Malthus saw that people could produce only so much food in a given year, yet
the population was increasing at an exponential rate. Eventually, he thought people would run out of
food and begin to starve. They would go to war over increasingly scarce resources and reduce the
population to a manageable level, and then the cycle would begin anew.
Zero Population Growth

A neo-Malthusian researcher named Paul Ehrlich brought Malthus’s predictions into the twentieth
century. However, according to Ehrlich, it is the environment, not specifically the food supply, that
will play a crucial role in the continued health of planet’s population (Ehrlich 1968)

Ehrlich’s ideas suggest that the human population is moving rapidly toward complete environmental
collapse, as privileged people use up or pollute a number of environmental resources such as water
and air.
He advocated for a goal of zero population growth (ZPG), in which the number of people entering
a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or
emigration. While support for this concept is mixed, it is still considered a possible solution to global
overpopulation
 Cornucopian theory

• Cornucopian theory scoffs at the idea of humans wiping themselves out; it asserts that human

ingenuity can resolve any environmental or social issues that develop.

• As an example, it points to the issue of food supply. If we need more food, the theory contends,

agricultural scientists will figure out how to grow it, as they have already been doing for centuries.

After all, in this perspective, human ingenuity has been up to the task for thousands of years and

there is no reason for that pattern not to continue (Simon 1981).

 Demographic Transition Theory

• it is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high
infant death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and
economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced
technology, education and economic development, as well as the stages between these two
scenarios.

• Although this shift has occurred in many industrialized countries, the theory and model are
frequently imprecise when applied to individual countries due to specific social, political and
economic factors affecting particular populations.
Global Civil Society

• - made by the change in technological perspectives and advancements and movements of

International Organizations. Influences institutional decision-making, affecting the populations at

large
Global Migration
Overview

• Global Civilizations Categories

• Factors of Migration

• Effects of Migration
Global Civilizations Categories

• Classification During Cold War

• Classification Post-Cold War

• Current Classification according to Communities

Classification during Cold War

• First world - states with high income and our capital rich

•Second world former communist-socialist, industrial states

•Third world - nations not aligned with first world or second world and are also

called developing countries.

Classification Post-Cold War

• Developed - countries that have good progressive economies and advanced

technological infrastructure

•Developing - countries with low income and less developed industrial bases
Current Classification according to Communities
• Western - the western culture is composed of the north America and the European culture

•Latin America - the Latin America is composed of the South America and the Central America’s culture
•Islamic - the Islamic is composed of Islamic states especially those in the West Asia
•Sinic - composed of Central Asia culture
•Hindi - composed of Indian culture
•Buddhist - culture of people that follows Buddhism
•Orthodox - culture that follows orthodox Christian especially those of the Russian states
•Japanese - Japanese culture
•African - amalgamation of African culture
Types of Migration

• Migration – is the movement of people from one place to another.

Internal Migration – Movement from one place to another in the same

country.

International Migration – movement from one country to another

Factors of Migration
(Political, Economic, Cultural, &Social)
Specified Samples
Causes of Migration
 Push Factors – reasons to move away from  Cosmopolitanism
your original or current area
 Voluntary Economic Migration
 Pull Factors – reasons to move another area
 Forced Displacement & Refugee Crisis
 Political Reasons
 Cultural Reasons
Effects of Migration

• Flow of Money

• Flow of Ideas

• Lack of Workforce on Low-Income Places

• Generation Gap

• Effects of Migration in the Philippines