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    Scientific Investigation: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons LTD

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    Aditya Varella

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    Scientific Investigation: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons LTD

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Varella
    125 views11 pages

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    Chapter_2_Uma_Sekaran

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    Copyright:

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    125 views11 pages

    Scientific Investigation: © 2009 John Wiley & Sons LTD

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Varella

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 2

    Scientific Investigation

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Scientific Research
    Recall…..
    Research: an organized, systematic, data-based,
    critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a
    specific problem, undertaken with the purpose of finding
    answers or solutions to it.
    Decisions based on results of well done scientific study
    tend to yield the desired results:

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Scientific Research
    1-It follows a step by step process.
    2- Scientific research focuses on: Solving problems-
    pursuing a method (logical, organized, rigorous).
    3- Scientific research focuses on: identifying the
    problems, gathering data, analyzing them, and drawing
    valid conclusion.
    4- Thus…Scientific research is not based on hunches,
    experiences and intuition.

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 3


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Scientific Research
     Do organization always follow the rigorous step by step
    process?
     Many implemented plans fail because not enough
    research has preceded their formulation.

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 4


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Hallmarks of Scientific Research:
     Hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics of
    scientific research:
    – Purposiveness
    – Rigor
    – Testability
    – Replicability
    – Precision and Confidence
    – Objectivity
    – Generalizability
    – Parsimony

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 5


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Hallmarks of Scientific Research:
     Let’s apply an example into the 8 hallmarks:
    “ the manager is interested in investigating how
    employees’ commitments to the company(organization)
    can be increased.”
    – Purposiveness:

    – Rigor:

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 6


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Hallmarks of Scientific Research:
    -Testability:

    –Replicability:

    –Precision and Confidence :

    –Objectivity:

    –Generalizability:

    –Parsimony:

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 7


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Hypothetico-Deductive Research
     The Seven-Step Process in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method
    – Identify a broad problem area
    – Define the problem statement ( based on theory)
    – Theory formulation
    – Develop hypotheses(the hypothesis that can be tested to determine if
    the statement would be supported)
    – Data collection:
    – Data analysis:
    – Interpretation of data:
    –

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 8


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Hypothetico-Deductive Research

     Example: The quality of education in Kuwait.


    – Identify a broad problem area:
    – Define the problem statement ( based on theory):
    – Theory formulation:
    – Develop hypotheses :
    – Data collection:
    – Data analysis:
    – Interpretation of data:

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 9


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Hypothetico-Deductive Research

     Think of your topic………Then follow the Seven-Step


    Process in the Hypothetico-Deductive Method
    – Identify a broad problem area:
    – Define the problem statement ( based on theory):
    – Theory formulation:
    – Develop hypotheses :
    – Data collection:
    – Data analysis:
    – Interpretation of data:

    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 10


    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran
    Deduction and Induction
     Deductive reasoning: application of a general theory to a
    specific case.
    – Hypothesis testing

     Inductive reasoning: a process where we observe


    specific phenomena and on this basis arrive at general
    conclusions.
    – Counting white swans

     Both inductive and deductive processes are often used in


    research.
    © 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 11
    www.wileyeurope.com/college/sekaran

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