Rizal'S Exile in Dapitan And: The Katipunan Movement

 RIZAL's EXILE IN DAPITAN AND
THE KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT
 Rizal Significance in
KATIPUNAN
MOVEMENT
Rizal lived in exile in far away Dapitan, a remote town in
Mindanao which was under the missionary jurisdiction of
the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896.
This four year interregnum in his life was tediously

unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied
achievements.
He practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued

his artistic and literary works, widened his knowledge of
languages, established a school for boys, promoted
community projects, invented a wooden machine for
making bricks and engaged in farming and commerce.
BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN
• The steamer "Cebu" which brought Rizal to Dapitan
carried a letter to Father Pablo Pastells, Superior
of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines, to Father
Antonio Obach, Jesuit parish priest in Dapitan. The
letter informed Father Obach that Rizal could live
at the parish convent with the following conditions:
– •"That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion,

and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and
against revolution.
– •"That he perform the church rites and make a general
confession of his past life.
 "That henceforth he conduct himself in
an exemplary manner as a Spanish subject
and a man of religion.“
 Rizal did not agree with the conditions and

lived in the house of the commandant, Captain
Carnicero. The relationship between Rizal and
Carnicero were warm and friendly.
 "A Don Ricardo Carnicero," Rizal has written a

poem to Captain Carnicero in his birthday on
August 26, 1892.
RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON
RELIGION
During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal had a long and scholarly debate with Father

Pastells on religion.
It started when Father Pastells send him a book by Sarda, with advice that

the letter (Rizal) should desist from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing
religion from the prism of individual judgement and self-esteem.
Rizal revealed his anti-Catholic ideas which he had acquired in Europe and

embitterment at his persecution by the bad friars.
In spite of their religious differences, Rizal and Pastells remained good friends.

Father Pastells gave Rizal a copy of the "Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of


Christ) by Father Thomas a Kempis.
•Rizal in turn gave his Jesuit opponent a bust of St. Paul which he had

made.
RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ
 Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez, Rizal's favorite teacher at
the Ateneo De Manila was assigned in Dapitan by Father
Obach, cura of Dapitan and Father Jose Vilaclara, cura of
Dipolog to try to bring back Rizal within the Catholic fold.
 All efforts of Sanchez were in vain. For once, Rizal could not
be convinced by his former beloved teacher.
 Despite his failure to persuade Rizal, Father Sanchez enjoyed

the latter's company. He assisted Rizal in beautifying the
town Plaza.
 Rizal gave him a precious birthday gift, a manuscript entitled

"Estudios sobre la lengua tagala (Studies on the Tagalog
Language).
IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN
 Rizal had an exemplary life, idyllic in
serenity.
 Since August, 1893, members of his family
took turns in visiting him in order to
assuage his loneliness.
 Among them were his mother, sisters,
Trinidad, Maria, Narcisa, and nephews
Teodosio, Estanislao, Mauricio, and
Prudencio.
RIZAL'S ENCOUNTER WITH
THE FRIAR'S SPY
 On the night of November 3, 1893. A spy with
the assumed name "Pablo Mercado and posing as a
relative, secretly visited Rizal at his house.
 The real name of "Pablo Mercado" was Florencio

Namanan. He was a native of Cagayan de Misamis,
single and about 30 years old.
 He was hired by the Recollect friars to spy on

Rizal's activities and filch certain letters and
writings of Rizal.
AS PHYSICIANS IN DAPITAN
 •Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan and mostly of
his patients are poor, giving them free medicine.
 •Rizal's fame as a physician particularly as an eye

specialist spread far and wide as he had many
patients who came from different parts of the
Philippines.
 •As a physician, Rizal became interested in local

medicine, to help poor patients who could not
afford to buy imported medicine, he prescribed the
local medicinal plants.
WATER SYSTEMS IN DAPITAN
 •In Dapitan, he applied the knowledge of

engineering by constructing a system of
waterworks in order to furnish clean water
to townspeople.
COMMUNITY PROJECTS TO
DAPITAN
 Aside from constructing the town's first water system, he
spent many months draining the marshes in order to get rid
of malaria that infested Dapitan.
 Rizal also equip the town with its lighting system. It consisted
of coconut oil lamps in the dark streets of Dapitan.
 Another community project of Rizal was the beautification of

Dapitan. With the help of Father Sanchez, he remodelled the
town plaza in order to enhance so that it could "rival the
best in Europe."
RIZAL AS TEACHER
 His exile in Dapitan gave him an opportunity to put

practiced his educational ideas.
 In 1893, he established a school which existed until
his last day of exile in July, 1896.
 It began with 3 pupils and later to 21.
 He taught reading, writing, languages (Spanish and
English), geography, history, mathematics
(arithmetic and geography), industrial work, nature
study, morals, and gymnastics.
 He trained them how to collect specimens of plants
and animals, to love work, and to "behave like
men."
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE
 •During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal

build up a rich collection on concology which
consisted of 346 shells representing 203
species.
 •He discovered some rare specimens which
were named after him in honor of his
discovery. Among these were Draco rizali (a
flying dragon), Apogonia rizali (a small
beetle), and Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog).
RIZAL AND THE
KATIPUNAN
MOVEMENT
 In a secret meeting of the katipunan at the little
river called bitukang manok, near the town of pasig,
on may 2, 1896, dr. Pio valenzuela was named
emmisary to dapitan, in order to inform rizal of
the plan of the katipunan to launch a revolution for
freedom's sake.
 •June 15, 1896. Dr. Valenzuela left manila to go to
dapitan. To camouflage his identity, he brought
with him a blind man named raymundo mata as a
guide, to seek for rizal's medical advice.
 •Dr. Valenzuela arrived in dapitan in the evening of
june 21, 1896.
 •Valenzuela told rizal about the katipunan plan and
necessity of his support.
 Rizal objected to bonifacio's audacious project
to plunge the country in blood revolution.
 •He was of sincere belief that it is
premature, for two reasons
•1. The people are not ready for a
revolution, and
•2. Arms and funds must be first collected
before raising the cry of revolution.
 •He also disapproved of the other plan of
the katipunan to rescue him because he had
given his word of honor to the spanish
authorities and he did not want to break it.

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 RIZAL's EXILE IN DAPITAN AND

THE KATIPUNAN MOVEMENT

This four year interregnum in his life was tediously

He practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued

– •"That Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion,

 Rizal did not agree with the conditions and

 "A Don Ricardo Carnicero," Rizal has written a

Father Pastells gave Rizal a copy of the "Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of

 Despite his failure to persuade Rizal, Father Sanchez enjoyed

 Rizal gave him a precious birthday gift, a manuscript entitled

 The real name of "Pablo Mercado" was Florencio

 He was hired by the Recollect friars to spy on

 •Rizal's fame as a physician particularly as an eye

 •As a physician, Rizal became interested in local

 •In Dapitan, he applied the knowledge of

 Another community project of Rizal was the beautification of

 His exile in Dapitan gave him an opportunity to put

 •During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal

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