Literature

LITERATURE
Literature refers to writing
considered to be an art form
or any single writing deemed
to have artistic or intellectual
value, often due to deploying
language in ways that differ
from ordinary usage.
 GENRES OF LITERATURE

1. FICTION – literature in the form of

prose, especially novels, that
describes imaginary events and
people.
FORMS OF FICTION
a. NOVEL
b. SHORT STORY
c. EPIC
d. FABLE
e. FOLKTALES ( Fairy tale, myth, legend )
f. MYSTERY
g. HORROR
 2. POETRY – It is a form of writing
that uses not only words, but also
form, patterns of sound, imagery,
and figurative language to convey
the message.
FORMS OF POETRY
a. HAIKU
b. LIMERICK
c. FREEVERSE
d. ELEGY
e. ODE
f. BALLAD
g. CONCRETE/ SHAPE POEM
 3. DRAMA – It is the specific mode
of fiction represented in
performance: a play, opera, ballet,
etc, performed in a theatre, or on
radio, or television.
TYPES:
1) COMEDY
2) TRAGEDY
3) MELODRAMA
4) MUSICAL DRAMA
5) HISTORICAL DRAMA
6) FANTASY
4. NONFICTION – It comprises of the
written works based on real events.
FORMS OF NONFICTION
1) LITERARY NONFICTION
a. Autobiographies and memoirs
b. Biographies
c. Letters
d. Essays and Articles
e. Reviews
f. Speech
2) FUNCTIONAL NONFICTION
a. Recipes
b. Directions
c. Schedules
d. Menus
e. Brochures
f. Maps
FAMOUS FILIPINO
WRITERS
FRANCISCO ARCELLANA

 Francisco Arcellana is one of the

proponents of modern Filipino
shorts story which uses English
as its own language. Due to his
innovativeness in developing
fiction, he was able to come up
with short stories using lyrical
prose-poetic approach.
 His works depict Filipino’s
sensibility. He had published
books, poems, and short stories.
 Included in his collection of short
stories are Death in a Factory, A
Clown Remembers, Frankie, Lina
, etc.
EDITH TIEMPO

 In over five decades, Edith Tiempo

produced numerous remarkable
poems and short stories. Evident in
her poems is the harmony of
intellect and emotions which
resulted in fine literary pieces. The
“Littles Marmonest” and “Bonsai”
are two of her notable poems.
Meanwhile, her short stories
highlight morality.

 She founded the Silliman National

Writer’s Workshop in Dumaguete
City together with her husband,
Edilberto Tiempo, which produced
equally talented writers.
BEINVENIDO LUMBERA

 Beinvenido Lumbera’s most

significant contribution in the
field of literature is the
introduction of the Bagay poetry.
He pioneered the writing of
Bagay poetry together with
other poets like Rolando Tinio,
Jose Lacaba, Antonio Samson,
and Edmundo Martinez.

 His major works includes

Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa, Apat
na Dulang May Musika,
Pakikiramay, and Sariling Bayan,
among others.
N.V.M. GONZALES

 Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales or

N.V.M. Gonzales is a writer known
for his effective use of English
language in expressing and shaping
the culture and sensibility of the
Filipino people and the country.

 He has published voluminous literary

works including The winds of April,
Work on the Mountain, The Bread of
Salt, and other stories, Seven Hills
Away, and many others.

 He received numerous awards

because of his notable skill in writing
such as Republic Cultural Award
(1960), Gawad CCP Para sa Sining
(1990), etc.
VIRGILIO ALMARIO

 Virgilio Almario is an exemplary poet who

carries the pen name “Rio Alma” . Alma
was famously known for his modern
poetry filled with social consciousness. He
has published numerous poetry books
containing the poet’s reflection of self and
society.

 Included in his work is his first major

collection of poetry, Doktrinang
Anakpawis, which reflects the 70’s
political mayhem. This was followed by
Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo and Muli sa
Kandungan ng Lupa.

 Apart from being a poet, Alma is also a

scholar , a teacher, a columnist, and a
publisher. He also became the Executive
Director of the NCCA from 1998-2001.
CIRILLIO BAUTISTA

 Cirilio Bautista is a literary genius who

produced numerous works such as poems,
fictions, and essays. Included in his major
works are Summer Suns, Galaw ng
Asoge, Words and Battlefield, among
others.
 For four decades he contributed in the
enrichment and promotion of Philippine
literature through his writings, workshops,
and lectures. He brought literature closer
to the people especially to the young
generations by conducting literary
workshops and lectures all over the
country where he discussed literary
techniques and developments.
 He was also an instrument in the
establishments of the Bienvenido Creative
Writing Center in the De La Salle
University.
NICK JOAQUIN

 Nick Juaquin is a palywright, poet,

novelist, short story writer, and a
Journalist. He was the most
distinguished Filipino writer who
used english as his mediumof
writing.
 His literary pieces explored the
Spanish colonial past of the country
and the social changes evident in
the Philippines.
 Included in his works are Dona
Geronima, The Order of
Melchizedek, The Ballad of Five
Battles, Rizal in Saga, and
Shadows, and The Woman, Who
Have Two Navels.
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ

 Amado V. Hernandez is the

socially committed writer who
believes that a writer should uplift
the human spirit by being the
voice of the society in times of
oppression.
 Included in his numerous works
are Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang
Langit, Luha ng Buwaya, Langaw
sa Isang Basong Gatas at Iba
Pang Kuwento ni Amado V.
Hernandez, Magkabilang Mukha
ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda
ni Amado v. Hernandez
LAZARO FRANCISCO

 Lazaro Francisco is a master of Tagalog

novel whose literary pieces highlight the
writer’s nationalism. Francisco’s novels
express his desire for social change. He
wrote for the masses and the common
people depicting their way of life.
 Lazaro published 11 literary pieces
which considered as Philippine literary
classics.
 Included in his novels are Ama,
Daluyong, and Maganda Pa ang Daigdig.
JOSE GARCIA VILLA

 Jose Garcia Villa is the

contemporary poet who used the
pen name Doveglion, a
combination of a dove, eagle, and
lion. He was known as not just
locally but Internationally.
 He received awards outside the
country for his remarkable style
in writing poetry. His poems
collection includes Many Voices,
Poems 55, Footnote to Youth,
Poems in Praise of Love: The Best
Love Poems of Jose Garcia Villa,
etc.
FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE

 Francisco Sionil Jose, commonly

known as F. Sionil Jose, was
recognized for his remarkable
writings showing the Filipino’s
aspiration for freedom and social
justice. As a journalist, he
traveled to different parts of the
world and became expose to
different societal problems. He
realized the importance of land
reform and social change and
wrote articles about them in the
Manila Times Sunday Magazine,
which won numerous awards.
FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE

 As a novelist, He wrote his opus

called the Rosales Saga
composed of 5 noteworthy
novels entitled Poon, Tree, Mass,
The Pretenders, and My Brother,
My Executioner. These novels
contain the history of the
Philippines from 1880s up to
1970s and the social struggles of
the Filipino people. His novels
gained compliments from
readers and critiques not just in
the Philippines but worldwide.
CARLOS P. ROMULO

 In the field of writing, Carlos P.

Romulo was an editor, a reporter, and
a publisher. He wrote series of articles
predicting the World War II and won
the Pulitzer Prize in journalism in
America. He was the only Asian, who
was given the said recognition.
Moreover, he wrote numerous literary
works which included novels,
memoirs, and autobiographies.
 Included in his works were his novel
The United, his autobiography I Walk
with Heroes, and other war-time
memoirs. Aside from being a writer ,
he is a respected world leader. He
was the first Asian, who became
president of the United Nation.
ALEJANDRO ROCES

 Alejandro “Anding” Roces is known

for his staunch contributions to art
and country. He is considered as
the best comic short story writer
and one of the few humorists in
the literature. His work, “We
Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers” won the
first prize in the Student Literary
Contest and published in the
prestigious Arizona Quarterly. It
was included in Martha Foley’s
famous annual anthology of The
Best American Short Stories and
considered one of the most
distinctive stories in it.
ALEJANDRO ROCES

 He also became known for his

anthology entitled “My Brother’s
Peculiar Chicken”. Some of his works
include of Cocks and Kites and other
Stories, Fiesta, and Something to
Crow About. For more than five
decades, Anding wrote essays and
columns for the newspaper. He has a
column in Daily Mirror (now Philippine
Star) dubbed as “Roses and Thorns”.
Focusing on the neglected aspect of
Filipino cultural heritage, Anding
works aim to educate and entertain
readers by giving insightful
comparisons and conclusion of
Filipino life, culture, and history in a
simple and obvious manner.
ALEJANDRO ROCES

 As a true patriot, he initiated the

change of Philippine Independence
Day from July 4 to June 12 as well
as a change of language from
English to Tagalog in country’s
coins and bills, stamps and
passport. He also has a
remarkable contribution to culture
as he institutionalized the local
fiestas such as Moriones and Ati-
atihan. The National Artist for
Literature Award is given to
Anding in 2003 is significant proof
that he is a true Filipino artist.
CARLOS QUIRINO

 Carlos Quirino was the first recipient

of the National Artist Award for
Historical Literature Awarded by
President Fidel B. Ramos. He was the
Biographer who wrote The Great
Malayan, one of the first Jose Rizal
Biographies. Also, he has written
books and articles which contains
wide range of topics involving
Philippine history and culture.
 His books include Maps and Views of
Old Manila, Lives of the Philippine
Presidents, The History of Philippine
Sugar Industry, and Filipino Heritage:
The Making of a Nation, among
others. He is a National Artist for
Historical Literature.
Thank you.