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    Agrarian Reform Policies

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    DANIELA JOY MAGADIA
    This document provides an overview of agrarian reform policies and history in the Philippines from pre-Spanish times to the Philippine Republic. It discusses different systems of land ownership such as encomienda during the Spanish period and sharecropping arrangements during the American period. Key agrarian reform laws are also summarized for different presidential administrations to regulate land ownership and the relationship between landowners and farmers.

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    Agrarian Reform Policies

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    DANIELA JOY MAGADIA
    70 views15 pages
    This document provides an overview of agrarian reform policies and history in the Philippines from pre-Spanish times to the Philippine Republic. It discusses different systems of land ownership such as encomienda during the Spanish period and sharecropping arrangements during the American period. Key agrarian reform laws are also summarized for different presidential administrations to regulate land ownership and the relationship between landowners and farmers.

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    AGRARIAN REFORM POLICIES

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    This document provides an overview of agrarian reform policies and history in the Philippines from pre-Spanish times to the Philippine Republic. It discusses different systems of land ownership such as encomienda during the Spanish period and sharecropping arrangements during the American period. Key agrarian reform laws are also summarized for different presidential administrations to regulate land ownership and the relationship between landowners and farmers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    70 views15 pages

    Agrarian Reform Policies

    Uploaded by

    DANIELA JOY MAGADIA
    This document provides an overview of agrarian reform policies and history in the Philippines from pre-Spanish times to the Philippine Republic. It discusses different systems of land ownership such as encomienda during the Spanish period and sharecropping arrangements during the American period. Key agrarian reform laws are also summarized for different presidential administrations to regulate land ownership and the relationship between landowners and farmers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    AGRARIAN REFORM

    POLICIES
    GROUP 6:
    DANIELA JOY MAGADIA & DANNA DEL MUNDO
    WHAT IS AGRARIAN REFORM?

     AGRARIAN REFORM CAN REFER EITHER,


    NARROWLY, TO GOVERNMENT-INITIATED OR
    GOVERNMENT-BACKED REDISTRIBUTION OF
    AGRICULTURAL LAND (SEE LAND REFORM) OR,
    BROADLY, TO AN OVERALL REDIRECTION OF
    THE AGRARIAN SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY,
    WHICH OFTEN INCLUDES
    LAND REFORM MEASURES.
     Agrarian reform can include credit measures,
    training, extension, land consolidations, etc. The 
    World Bank evaluates agrarian reform using five
    dimensions: (1) stocks and market liberalization,
    (2) land reform (including the development of land
    markets), (3) agro-processing and input supply
    channels, (4) urban finance, (5) market institutions.
    AGRARIAN REFORM HISTORY
    PRE-SPANISH PERIOD

    “This land is Ours God gave this land to us”


    Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos lived in
    villages or barangays ruled by chiefs or datus. The datus comprised
    the nobility. Then came the maharlikas (freemen), followed by the
    aliping mamamahay (serfs) and aliping saguiguilid (slaves).
    However, despite the existence of different classes in the social
    structure, practically everyone had access to the fruits of the soil.
    Money was unknown, and rice served as the medium of exchange.
    SPANISH PERIOD

    “United we stand, divided we fall”


    When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the concept of encomienda (Royal
    Land Grants) was introduced. This system grants that Encomienderos must defend
    his encomienda from external attack, maintain peace and order within, and support
    the missionaries. In turn, the encomiendero acquired the right to collect tribute from
    the indios (native).
    The system, however, degenerated into abuse of power by the encomienderos The
    tribute soon became land rents to a few powerful landlords. And the natives who
    once cultivated the lands in freedom were transformed into mere share tenants
    FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

    “The yoke has finally broken”


    When the First Philippine Republic was established in 1899, Gen.
    Emilio Aguinaldo declared in the Malolos Constitution his intention to
    confiscate large estates, especially the so-called Friar lands.
    However, as the Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo’s plan was never
    implemented.
    AMERICAN PERIOD
    “Long live America”
    Significant legislation enacted during the American Period:
    •PhilippineBill of 1902 – Set the ceilings on the hectarage of private individuals and
    corporations may acquire: 16 has. for private individuals and 1,024 has. for corporations.
    •Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496) – Provided for a comprehensive registration of
    land titles under the Torrens system.
    •Public Land Act of 1903 – introduced the homestead system in the Philippines.
    •Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054 and 4113) – regulated relationships between landowners
    and tenants of rice (50-50 sharing) and sugar cane lands.
    The Torrens system, which the Americans instituted for the registration of lands, did not solve
    the problem completely. Either they were not aware of the law or if they did, they could not
    pay the survey cost and other fees required in applying for a Torrens title.
    COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
    “Government for the Filipinos”
    President Manuel L. Quezon espoused the "Social Justice" program to arrest the increasing social unrest in Central
    Luzon.
    Significant legislation enacted during Commonwealth Period:
    •1935 Constitution – "The promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being and economic security of all people
    should be the concern of the State"
    •Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045), Nov. 13, 1936 – Provided for
    certain controls in the landlord-tenant relationships
    •NationalRice and Corn Corporation (NARIC), 1936 – Established the price of rice and corn thereby help the
    poor tenants as well as consumers.
    •Commonwealth Act. No. 461, 1937 – Specified reasons for the dismissal of tenants and only with the approval of
    the Tenancy Division of the Department of Justice.
    •Rural Program Administration, created March 2, 1939 – Provided the purchase and lease of haciendas and their
    sale and lease to the tenants.
    Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June 3, 1939 – Created the National Settlement Administration with a
    capital stock of P20,000,000.
    JAPANESE OCCUPATION

    “The Era of Hukbalahap”


    The Second World War II started in Europe in 1939 and in the Pacific in 1941.
    Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese
    lost their lands to peasants while those who supported the Huks earned fixed rentals in favor
    of the tenants.
    Unfortunately, the end of war also signaled the end of gains acquired by the peasants.
    Upon the arrival of the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, peasants and workers
    organizations grew strength. Many peasants took up arms and identified themselves with the
    anti-Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon).
    PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

    “The New Republic”


    After the establishment of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the
    problems of land tenure remained. These became worst in certain
    areas. Thus the Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law
    President Manuel A. Roxas (1946-
    1948) enacted the following laws

    •Republic ActNo. 34 -- Established the 70-30 sharing


    arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts.
    •Republic Act No. 55 -- Provided for a more effective safeguard
    against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.
    Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953) enacted
    the following law:

    Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950 --


    Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with
    Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO)
    which takes over the responsibilities of the Agricultural
    Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn
    Production Administration.
    Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) enacted
    the following laws
    •Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954 -- Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National
    Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless
    farmers. It was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in
    Palawan and Mindanao.
    •Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) -- governed the relationship between
    landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system. The law
    provided the security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Court of Agrarian Relations.
    •Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955) -- Created the Land Tenure Administration
    (LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn
    lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations.
    •Republic ActNo. 821 (Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration) --
    Provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates of six to eight percent

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