Q4 Week 6

ENGLISH 10
QUARTER 4 –
Opening Prayer
Dear Lord and Father of all, Thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for us
all. For Your protection and love, we thank you.
Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on
what we are about to learn. Inspire us by Your
Holy Spirit as we listen and write. Guide us by
your eternal light as we discover more about the
world around us.
We ask all this in the name of Jesus.
Amen.
W
4
Essential to mastering the rules governing subject-verb

agreement are the following Verb Basics.
Choose the correct form of the verb that
agrees with the subject.
1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the
meeting.
3. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
4. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes)
about two hours to watch.
5. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now
there (is, are) only one left!
5
Choose the correct form of the verb that
agrees with the subject.
1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the
meeting.
3. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
4. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes)
about two hours to watch.
5. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now
there (is, are) only one left!
6
QUARTER 4 -
WEEK 6
MELC 22 (EN10G-IIa-29)
Observe correct grammar in
making definitions
7
Encircle any word you will
find across, down, or
diagonally. List down all
the words you found and
provide a short definition
of each.
8
What is formal sentence
definition?
• It is a form of definition that follows a specific
order or formulation of ideas that will provide
informative details about the unknown word.
• This type of definition follows specific rules

prescribed in formal writings.
9
Parts of A Formal Definition
✓ Species – this pertains to the term being defined.
✓ Verb – this pertains to the verb used along the
definition.
✓ Genus - pertains to the class, category or set
where the term belongs.
✓ Differentia – pertains to the details that will
provide the characteristics, quality, types, and its
distinction from any other words. 10
Parts of A Formal Definition
Remember this construction formula in writing down
your formal definitions.
species + verb + genus + differentia= formal

definition
Or
format term +linking verb +class/category+ distinguishing
characteristics 11
Examples of Formal Definition
Species Verb Genus Differentia
Alliteration is a literary device repeating beginning letter
sound in quick succession
Personification is a figure of speech that attaches human traits and

characteristics to an
inanimate object.
Oxymoron is a literary device that uses contradictory and
contrasting concepts placed
together in a manner ends up
making sense.
Paradox is a literary device that contradicts itself yet holds

significant value on several levels.
12
Guidelines for Writing Formal Definiti
Be specific about the class
• A modem is a thing that… [vague]
• A modem is a device that…[specific]
• A modem is an electronic device that… [more
specific ]
13
Use the same part of speech for the class as the
word that is being defined
• Face mask is used over…[incorrect] (noun) (passive
verb)
• Face mask is a protective covering used over the
face. [correct] (noun) (noun)
14
Whenever possible, don't repeat the term in the
class or distinguishing characteristics section
• Face mask is a protective mask….[incorrect]
• Face mask is a protective covering used over the
face. …[correct]
15
Make sure there is sufficient information in the
adjective clause to distinguish the term from other
members of the class
• A modem is a device that is used with a computer
and a telephone. [insufficient]
• A modem is a device that makes possible the
transmission of data to or from a computer via
telephone. [sufficient] 16
Avoid long words and long sentences in technical
writing. If necessary, break the formal definition
into two sentences, rather than producing a very
long sentence.
The Internet, which is commonly confused with the World Wide Web,
is a global system of network computers that allows user-to-user
communication and transfer of data files from one machine to another.
The World Wide Web is the concept for presenting and linking
information on a network.[too long] 17
Avoid long words and long sentences in technical
writing. If necessary, break the formal definition
into two sentences, rather than producing a very
long sentence.
• The Internet is a global system of network computers that allows
user-to-user communication and transfer of data files. It is commonly
confused with the World Wide Web, a concept for presenting and
linking information on a network. [improved]
18
The Grammar of
Definitions
Formal definitions commonly use indefinite articles for the
term and class, forms of the verb be and an adjective clause
or reduced adjective clause to express its distinguished
characteristics.
19
Indefinite Articles
✓ Is the word “a” or “an”.
✓ It comes right before a noun to define it as something general.
✓ Articles are classified as determiners.
✓ Use “an” before a word that starts with a vowel sound.
✓ Use “a” before a consonant sound.
Examples:
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
An hour late, she found herself staring at the guy.
It was a stupendous surprise.
20
Reduced Adjective Clauses in Definitio
Technical writers should avoid wordiness. One way to eliminate
unnecessary words is to reduce adjective clauses. There are several
important rules when doing this.
1: Drop the relative pronoun and the verb be if the

adjective clause contains a prepositional phrase, an
adjective, or a passive verb.
21
[adjective clause with an adjective]

Example
An electronic book is a document that is lengthy
enough to be considered a book.
 An electronic book is a document lengthy enough

to be considered a book. 22
• [adjective clause with a prepositional phrase]

Example
An electronic book is a document that is on diskette
or hard drive.
 An electronic book is a document on diskette or

hard drive. 23
[adjective clause with a passive verb]
Example : A campus wide information system is an
online service that is used as a central source of
information at a college or university.
Reduced Form
 A campus wide information system is an online
service used as a central source of information at a
college or university. 24
2. Reduce the adjective clause by
changing the word or word form in
these two situations:
1. The adjective clause contains the verb have. [Drop the relative
pronoun and change have to having.] or [Drop the relative pronoun
and have. Replace using with.]
2. The verb is in an active state and the relative pronoun is the

subject. [Drop the relative pronoun and change the verb to the -ing
form.]
25
The adjective clause contains the
verb have
• Example:
Face mask is a protective covering that has filter to keep the face and
the nose safe.
Face mask is a protective covering having filter to keep the face and
the nose safe.
Face mask is a protective covering with filter to keep the face and the
nose safe.
26
The verb is in an active state and the
relative pronoun is the subject.
Links are highlighted text that point to additional

information.
 Links are highlighted text pointing to additional

information.
27
None of these rules apply to modal
auxiliary verbs, e.g., should, may,
can, or
must, since the meaning of the modal
is lost in the reduction.
• [original] This information, which must be
accessed via the Internet, is useful.
• [reduced with different meaning] This
information, accessed via the Internet, is useful.
28
GUIDED
PRACTICE
Definition Time: Give the formal definitions of each word by
completing the information needed in the table below.
29
ACTIVITY 1
• Decide which indefinite article (a, an) is
appropriate in the following sentences.
Write this article in the space provided
within the sentence.
3
0
Decide which indefinite article (a, an) is appropriate in the
following sentences. Write this article in the space provided
within the sentence.
1. Cell phone is ___ mobile device use to send, receive or

transmit electronic messages and long distance calls via radio
waves.
2. Electronic books are ___ digital reading resources that are
available online and can be downloaded for offline reading.
3. - 4. ___ Newspaper is ___ publication that contains
informative articles of public interest.
5. A contract is __ written agreement between two parties under
equally agreed terms.
3
1
ACTIVITY 2
• Reduce the adjective clauses in the
following sentences. Change the
highlighted part of each sentence
whenever necessary without changing
its thought.
3
2
Ex.: The Oxford Text Archives is a database which contains
electronic books in many different languages around the world.
Answer: containing
1. Observation is an act of noting details, which includes the
recording of facts and descriptions.
2. Litotes is a literary device which is also called ironical
understatement that pertains to careful way of saying something
unpleasant without directly using negativity.
3. A monograph is a detailed book that is scholarly written that deals
about a topic of interest in a specialized area of knowledge.
4. Brochure is an informative pamphlet which is used to advertise or
endorse a product.
5. A noun is a word class that names a person, place, quality, or
3
things. 3
Evaluati
34
on
Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter
of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following sentences is a formal
definition of the word grammar?
A. Grammar is the structure and system of a language, usually considers
consisting of syntax and morphology.
B. Grammar is the structure and system of a language which is usually
considered to consist of syntax and morphology.
C. Grammar is the structure and system of a language, which is usually
consisting of syntax and morphology.
D. Grammar is the structure and system of a language consisting of syntax
and morphology
35
2. Which of the following definitions of the word
“commentary” adheres to the rules of writing
formal definitions?
A. A commentary is a spoken and written description that is
given by an outlooker in an event.
B. A commentary is a spoken and written description given by
an outlooker in an event.
C. A commentary is a description given by an outlooker in an
event.
D. A commentary is a description that is given by an outlooker
in an event.
36
3. Which of the following choices is the BEST revision
of the definition inside the box?
Dictionary is a book which contains tons of terminologies and their
definitions. It also includes usage, pronunciations, and example
sentences.
A. Dictionary is a book containing tons of terminologies and their definitions
including usage, pronunciations and example sentences.
B. Dictionary is a book containing tons of terminologies and their definitions that
includes usage, pronunciations and example sentences.
C. Dictionary is a book which contains tons of terminologies and their definitions,
including usage, pronunciations and example sentences.
D. Dictionary is a book containing tons of terminologies and their definitions, it also
includes usage, pronunciations and example sentences. 37
4. Which of the following is an example of formal
definition?
A. Astronomy is a branch of scientific study primarily concerned
with celestial objects inside and outside of earths’ atmosphere.
B. An electronic device that manipulates information or data is
known as computer.
C. Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space. It is
found in three chemical forms; elements, compounds and
mixtures.
D. Love can be associated with care and adoration it is a feeling
we usually give to someone we dearly love. 38
5. Which part of the sentence below is a differentia?
Oxygen is a chemical element that constitutes 21 percent of the
A. Oxygen is aatmosphere
earth’s chemical element that in
and is present constitutes 21 percent
air and water.
B. Of the earth’s atmosphere and is present in air and water.
C. Chemical element that constitutes 21 percent of the
earth’s atmosphere
D. Constitutes 21 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere and is
present in air and water.
39
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
I HOPE YOU LEARNED SOMETHING NEW TODAY!
40

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ENGLISH 10

Essential to mastering the rules governing subject-verb

• This type of definition follows specific rules

species + verb + genus + differentia= formal

Personification is a figure of speech that attaches human traits and

Paradox is a literary device that contradicts itself yet holds

1: Drop the relative pronoun and the verb be if the

[adjective clause with an adjective]

 An electronic book is a document lengthy enough

• [adjective clause with a prepositional phrase]

 An electronic book is a document on diskette or

2. The verb is in an active state and the relative pronoun is the

Links are highlighted text that point to additional

 Links are highlighted text pointing to additional

1. Cell phone is ___ mobile device use to send, receive or

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