SOUTHEAST

ASIAN ARTS
(QUARTER 1)
PREPARD BY: JM TABORADA
CAMBODIA

THAILAND
 LAOS

VIETNAM
INDONESIA

MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE

BRUNEI
FABRIC
AND
FABRIC
DESIGN
(LESSON 1)
 THAILAND

 Thai silk is produced from

the cocoons of Thai
silkworms.
 It is mainly produced in Khorat
which is the center of the silk
industry in Thailand. Thai
weavers from this region raise the
caterpillars on a steady diet of
mulberry leaves.
 Thai silk making is considered to
be one of the finest arts in the
world.
 CAMBODIA
 Cambodian textiles have employed
natural dyes coming from: insect
nests – red dye; indigo – blue dye;
prohut bark – yellow and green
dye; and ebony bark – black dye.
 Silk-weaving has been revived in
the past ten years and now
provides employment for many
rural women
 Rural women often weave
homemade cotton fabric, which is
used in garments and for household
purposes.
 Krama - the traditional check
scarves worn almost universally by
Cambodians, are made of cotton.
 There are two main types of Cambodian weaving:

 1. ikat technique (Khmer term:

chongkiet) – to create patterns, weavers
tie and dye portions of weft yarn before
weaving begins. Patterns are diverse
and vary by region; common motifs
include lattice, stars, and spots.
 There are two main types of Cambodian weaving:

 2. uneven twill – it yields single or

two-color fabrics, which are produced
by weaving three threads so that the
color of one thread dominates on one
side of the fabric, while the two others
determine the color on the reverse side.
 LAOS
 According to Lao tradition, stories of their history
were not passed on orally nor was it written, they
were woven. Strand by strand, Lao stories were
weaved in the intricate dense patterns and motifs
of textiles. Unfortunately some are elaborately
fantastic, and the motifs so cryptic, that in many
cases only the weaver can accurately interpret the
story.
 Sihn — the Lao women’s ankle-long skirt whose
form is undeniable but whose patterns are unique to
each skirt
 Though the skirt looks simple and elegant, it is
traditional that every woman in Laos weaves all the
sihns she would wear throughout her lifetime.
 Folk icons are used to express personal views. This
is often accomplished by symbolist totems from the
inanimate or animate world — crabs for
resourcefulness, snakes for fertility, butterflies for
beauty, birds for success, and so on
 VIETNAM
 Golden thread silks were born in Vietnam. Many of
our Vietnamese fabrics originated from Ha Dong, the
center of weaving and sericulture (silk worm
production) for centuries.
 Some popular Vietnamese fabric ranges are:
1. Shantung taffeta
2. Bengaline weave
3. Ebony satin – an all-natural lustrous silk hand-
woven in southern Vietnam and naturally dyed using
ebony fruit pods. The fabric dates back over a century,
but was only recently revitalized by the designer Vo
Viet Chung
 INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
 Batik - is an Indonesian-Malay word, believed to be related to the Malay
word titik, which means “point,” “dot,” or “drop.” The “drop” action refers
to the process of dyeing the fabric by making use of a resist technique:
covering areas of cloth with a dye-resistant substance (usually hot wax) to
prevent them from absorbing colors.
 Modern batik designs depend on the creativity of their designers.
 Modern designs also include more colors, courtesy of chemical dyes, as
artists are not bound by the strict guidelines of traditional practices, when
craftsmen were dependent on natural dyes.
 INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
There are two categories of batik designs:
1. geometric motifs 2. free form designs
 There are two main types of batik:

1. Hand painted – the artist

uses the canting, a small
copper container with one
or more different-sized
pipes .
2. Block printed – is done by welding
together strips of metal to form a metal
block. The metal block is then dipped
into molten wax and pressed against the
fabric in order to make a pattern.
 Malaysian batik is famous for its
geometrical designs or spirals. The
method of Malaysian batik-making is also
different from those of Indonesian
Javanese batik. Their patterns are larger
and simpler. More brush painting is
applied to be able to put lighter and more
vibrant colors than deep colored Javanese
batik.
 SINGAPORE
 In Singapore, the existence and use
of batik has been recorded since the
12th century but has receded in
popularity through the years.
Nowadays, batik is featured in as
the uniform of flight attendants for
the official flag carrier airlines of
Singapore, Indonesia, and
Malaysia.
 BRUNIE

 Brunei's traditional textile - also

called as batik but it is uniquely
different from Indonesia, Malaysia,
and Singapore. Its designs have their
national flower simpur, sumboi-
sumboi (pitcher plant), and Brunei's
traditional design of air muleh.
 BRUNIE
 Different techniques are used in
Brunei’s batik like airbrushing,
cracking, bubble, rainbow,
sprinkle, geometry, and marble.
These techniques are applied
on fabrics like cotton, chiffon,
linen, and brocade.
(LESSON 2)
 THAILAND
 In Thailand, flying lanterns are used during the
year for festivals, the most popular being the
 Loy Krathong Festival. This festival is held on
the night of the 12th full moon, usually in
November, with Chang Mai believed to have the
brightest and most spectacular celebrations.
 Made out of rice paper with a bamboo frame,
which contain a fuel cell or small candle are
used during the year for festivals are also
commonly called as wish lanterns.
SKY LANTERN
 CAMBODIA AND LAOS
 HANDICRAFTS - are part
of their traditional culture
and their livelihood in
Cambodia like textiles
baskets jars pottery tools for
daily use

HANDICRAFTS
 VIETNAM
 One of the most popular forms of
art in Vietnam favored for the
mystical atmosphere that can be
achieved with the medium
typically showcase the
countryside, landscapes, pagodas,
historical events, or scenes of
daily life.
SILK PAINTING
 INDONESIA
 Wayang Kulit - is a puppet shadow play performed
around the Indo-Malayan archipelago, tracing its
origin to India Wayang, in modern Indonesian
language means "show" or "perform". Others say
that wayang is also attributed to the Indonesian
word bayang which means "shadow". Kulit means
"skin", a reference to the leather material that the
figures are carved out of. is derived from a
Javanese Hindu- Buddhist tradition, where hand-
crafted leather puppets depict epic stories of the
gods in shadow play
 MALAYSIA

 Wau Kite - is a uniquely designed

Malaysian kite its wings are similar to
an Arabic letter (pronounced "wow")
Farmers used kites as scarecrows in
the fields and as a means to lull their
children to sleep, so they could work
with little interruption
 BRUNIE

 Songkok - is a cap widely worn in

Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore,
the southern Philippines and southern
Thailand mostly worn by male Muslim in
formal situations such as wedding feasts,
funerals or festive occasions such as the
Muslim Eid ul-Fitr and Eid alAdha is also
called peci or kopiah
 Categories of Men's Headgears

1. Dastar 2. Songkok 3. Tengkolok

 MALAYSIA

 Batik - has come to be used as a generic term

which refers to the process of dyeing fabric by
making use of a resist technique; covering areas
of cloth with a dye resistant substance to prevent
them absorbing colors. the technique is thought
to be over a thousand years old and historical
evidence demonstrates that cloth decorated with
this resist technique was in use in the early
centuries’ ad in Africa, the middle east and in
several places in Asia.
 THAILAND

 Thai silk - is produced by Thai

caterpillars raised on Thai mulberry
leaves by Thai weavers in Thailand,
primarily on the Korat Plateau in the
country's northeast region.
Chaiyaphum is just north of Korat
province.
SCULPTURE
LESSON 3
 Cambodia
 For many thousands of years, the art of stone carving
has flourished in Cambodia. From small statues to the
breathtaking carvings found at Angkor Wat, this art
medium has become one of the country's most
cherished art forms.
 Stone carving has been both a passion and a
livelihood for many Cambodian sculptors
Stone carving
 Thailand
 The most commonly used materials are wood, stone,
ivory, clay, and various metals. The most notable
sculptures are the Thai bronzes famous for their
originality and grace.
 This famous sculpture in Wat Pho in Bangkok is 46
meters long and 15 meters high. It is made of plaster
on a brick core and finished in gold leaf. The feet are
inlaid with mother of pearl.
Wat Pho
 LAOS
 If Cambodia has stone carvings, Lao artisans use a
variety of media in their sculptural creations.
Typically, the precious metals such as bronze,
silver, and gold are used. The most famous statue
made of gold is the Phra Say of the sixteenth
century, which the Siamese carried home as loot in
the late eighteenth century
Phra Say
 Vietnam
 Vietnamese sculpture has been heavily
influenced by the three traditional religions:
Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, which
come from neighboring countries China and
India.
Stone sculptures in Vietnam
 Indonesia
 Indonesia is known for its stone, bronze, and iron-
age arts
 The native Indonesian tribes usually create
sculptures that depict ancestors, deities, and
animals
Stone Arts of Indonesia
 Malaysia
 Most of Malaysia’s sculptures are relief. These are partially
carved into or out of another surface. These sculptures rely
on a base or plane to support them and are a combination of
both three-dimensional and two-dimensional art forms.
 Relief sculpture is practiced today by artists and architects,
done with stone, marble, bronze, and many other substances.
There are three main types of relief sculptures:
1. Alto form – is almost completely carved from its surface,
highly shaped, with very little of the structure touching the base
or plane. These sculptures could possibly stand alone if the base
or plane 190 were removed. These are similar to the Egyptians’
alto-relief sculptures of gods or Pharaohs attached to their
temples. These are common among Greeks and Romans.
2. Bas form – is a relief that barely extends past the base. These
are common as wall decorations on Greek or Roman buildings
and are the type mostly seen on the Colosseum.
3. Sunken relief sculpture – an image that is carved into the
surface rather than out of it.
Alto form
Porta de Santiago Bas-Relief
Sunken relief sculpture
The best Malay woodcarving is from Terengganu and
Kelantan. Passed down from one generation to another, the
craft is divided into ukiran halus (fine carving) and ukiran
kasar (literally meaning “rough carving”).

“Ukiran halus” involves the carving of relief patterns,

hilts of keris (short Malay dagger), bed heads, and
cupboard tops.

“Ukiran kasar”, refers to the carvings on larger objects

like furniture, pillars, windows, room portions, and eaves
of roofs.
Ukiran halus Ukiran kasar
 Singapore
 The Sri Mariammam Hindu temple with sculptures
of different images is almost as old as Singapore
itself. This was constructed and dedicated to the
goddess Mariamman who is worshipped for her
power to cure disease (early Singapore was mostly
jungle, so disease was rampant).
Sri Mariammam Hindu temple
 The Merlion was conceived because the Singapore
Tourism Board (STB) felt the country lacked a
distinct image representing the nation and its history
 The Merlion is also partly inspired by the story of
how Singapore got its name or “The Singapura
Story.”
 The Sentosa Merlion is the biggest replica, standing
at 37 meters and made from glass-reinforced
concrete
Merlion of Singapore
 Brunei
 Sculpture in Brunei takes on a more utilitarian role
than an aesthetic one. The people of Brunei have a
long tradition as excellent craftsmen using bronze
and silver to create adornments and functional
items such as bowls, tools, and the like.
Metal Sculpture at ASEAN Park in Brunei
 The Elements
and
Principles of Arts
 Elements of Art
 Think of the elements of art as the arrows in your
quiver or tools in a toolbox. You use them
individually and in combination for any art
making endeavor. For the visual arts, these are
visual elements: color, form, line, shape, space,
texture, and value.
 Color
- A three-pronged element of art: hue, value and intensity

 Hue is the color itself.

 Value is the hue’s lightness or darkness and changes when
white or black is added to it.
 Intensity is the aspect of brightness and purity of a color.
High intensity colors are bold and bright. Low intensity
colors are faint and duller.
 FORM
 For painters and draftsmen, form is the element of art
that renders a three-dimensional form in two
dimensions. In a lot of ways, it is the heart of an art
object — the form itself. It can enclose a volume and
includes height, width and depth. A cube, a sphere, a
cylinder and a pyramid are all different forms. Forms
can also be formless — abstracted and free-flowing.
 LINE
 Marks made on a surface are known as line. They start at a
point and move along, creating space as they go. Lines can
be two- or three-dimensional, describing form or the form
itself, implied, or abstract. Creating a series of parallel
lines to indicate form is a technique known as hatching.
Crosshatching indicates more than one set of these lines
laid over top of each other at angles to model and indicate
tone
 SHAPE
 The element of art that is two-
dimensional, flat, or limited to height
and width. Usually a shape is enclosed.
 SPACE
 Space is the element of art through
which both positive and negative areas
are defined or a sense of depth is
achieved in a work of art.
 TEXTURE
 This aspect of art defines the way an art
object or an element in a composition
feels or looks as if it would feel if
touched
 Principles of Art

 If the elements of art are your tools, the principles of art

are how you put them to work. It is where the style of art
manipulates its substance. Rhythm, harmony, balance,
contrast, movement, proportion, and variety are the
principles of art.
 Rhythm
 This principle of art describes the movement
in or of an artwork. Rhythm is created by the
variety and repetition of elements in a work
of art that come together to create a visual
tempo or beat.
 Harmony
 This is achieved when the elements of an
artwork come together in a unified way.
Certain element are repeated yet still look
and feel similar. Not monotony and not
chaos, harmony is that perfectly honed
combination of both.
 Balance
 Artists combine elements to add a feeling of
equilibrium or stability to a work of art.
Symmetry and asymmetry are manifestations
of balance.
Contrast
 Areas of contrast are where a viewer’s eye
are usually first drawn. Artists will combine
elements to stress the differences between
those elements.
 Movement
 Movement is used to create the look and
feeling of action in an artwork. It guides the
viewer’s eye throughout a piece. A sense of
movement can be varied lines, repetition of
elements, and gestural mark-making among
many more.
 Pattern
 This is the uniform repetition of an element
of art or combination of elements. Anything
can be turned into a pattern through
repetition.
 Proportion
 Within the realm of the elements and
principles of art, proportion is the
relationship of elements in an artwork to the
whole and to one another.
 Variety
 The principle of art concerned with diversity
or contrast is that of variety. Variety is
brought about by using different colors, sizes
and shapes in a work of art. It is the partner
of unity. Artists seek the balance between the
two
THANK YOU!