Composites

COMPOSITES
ROLL NO# 17ME71,57,122

Assigned By: GHULAM YASEEN MUGHAL
INTRODUCION
 COMPOSITES:
The material made from two or more constituent
material s significantly different physical and chemical properties that,
when combined, produced a material with characteristics different
from the individual components.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES:
They are mainly classified into two classes
Which are follow
Matrix: The primary phase,

having Continuous character,
Matrix are usually More
ductile and less hard phase.
 Dispersed: This phase is

Embedded in Matrix in a
discontinuous form, this is
the Stronger phase
then matrix that’s why its
Called reinforcing phase.
 Metal Matrix Composites: composed of a metallic matrix (aluminum
, magnesium, cobalt , copper) and a dispersed ceramic (oxides,
carbides) or metallic (lead, tungsten) phase.
 Ceramic Matrix Composites: Composed of ceramics matrix and

embedded fibers of other ceramics (dispersed phase).
 Polymer Matrix Composites: Composed of matrix form of

thermoset( unsaturated polyester) or thermoplastic ( PVC, Nylon) and
embedded glass, carbon .
 Laminate Composites: when a fiber reinforced composities consists of
several layers with different fiber orientations, its is called multi layer
( angle –ply) composites.
Fiborous Composities:
 Short fiber RC: short fiber reinforced composites consist of a matrix
reinforced by a dispersed phase in form of discontinuous fibers .
Composities with random orientation of fibers and composities of
preffered oreintation of fibers.
 Long Fiber RC: Consist of a matrix reinforcee by a dispersed phase

in form of continuous fibers.
Unidirectional and bidirectional oreintation of fibers( woven).
 Particulate composites: Consists of matrix reinforced by a dispersed
phase in form of particles .
Composites with Random and Preffered oreintations of particles.

Nature of Composites:
 Advantages:
 High strength to weight ratio (low density high tensile strength) or high specific
strength ratio!
 1020 HRS spec strength = 1 (E6 in)
 Graphite/Epoxy, spec strength = 5 (E6 in)
 High creep resistance
 High tensile strength at elevated temperatures
 High toughness
 Generally perform better than steel or aluminum in applications where cyclic
loads are encountered leading to potential fatigue failure (i.e. helicopter blades).
 Impact loads or vibration – composites can be specially formulated with high
toughness and high damping to reduce these load inputs.
 Some composites can have much higher wear resistance than metals.
 Corrosion resistance
 Dimensional changes due to temp changes can be much less.
 Anisotropic – bi-directional properties can be design advantage (i.e. helicopter
blades)
Nature of Composites:
 Disadvantages (or limitations):

 Material costs
 Fabrication/ manufacturing difficulties
 Repair can be difficult
 Wider range of variability (statistical spread)
 Operating temperature can be an issue for polymeric
matrix (i.e. 500 F). Less an issue for metal matrix (2,700 F).
 Properties non-isotropic makes design difficult!
 Example – video test in line w/ fibers 10X stronger vs fibers
oriented at an angle.
 Inspection and testing typically more complex.
Where are composites
used??????
CFRP – carbon
fiber reinforced
composite.
GFRP – glass
fiber
reinforced
composite
COMPOSITES IN INDUSTRY
 Engineering applications
 Aerospace
 Automobile
 Pressure vessel and pipes
 Any place where high performance materials are desired
Turret Shield Bullet proof

Industrial
Medical Table shields
Spring
www.composiflex.com
Applications
 Space craft: Antenna structures, Solar reflectors, Satellite structures,

Radar, Rocket engines, etc.
 Aircraft: Jet engines, Turbine blades, Turbine shafts, Compressor
blades, Airfoil surfaces, Wing box structures, Fan blades, Flywheels,
Engine bay doors, Rotor shafts in helicopters, Helicopter transmission
structures, etc.
 Miscellaneous: (1) Bearing materials, Pressure vessels, Abrasive
materials, Electrical machinery, Truss members, Cutting tools,
Electrical brushes, etc.
 (2) Automobile: Engines, bodies, Piston, cylinder, connecting rod,
crankshafts, bearing materials, etc.
Properties:
 Tensile strength of composities is four to six times greater than that of

convential materials like steel , aluminium etc.
 Improved torision stiffness and imapct properties.
 Higher fatigue endurance limit (upto 60% of the ultimate tenile

strength)
 30-45% lighter than aluminium structures design ed for the sam
functional requirements.
 Lower embedded energy.
 Composites are less noisy while in operation and provide lower

vibration transmission.
 Composities are most versatile and can be tailored to meet
performance needs and complex design requirements.

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COMPOSITES

ROLL NO# 17ME71,57,122

Matrix: The primary phase,

 Dispersed: This phase is

 Ceramic Matrix Composites: Composed of ceramics matrix and

 Polymer Matrix Composites: Composed of matrix form of

 Long Fiber RC: Consist of a matrix reinforcee by a dispersed phase

Composites with Random and Preffered oreintations of particles.

 Disadvantages (or limitations):

Turret Shield Bullet proof

 Space craft: Antenna structures, Solar reflectors, Satellite structures,

 Tensile strength of composities is four to six times greater than that of

 Higher fatigue endurance limit (upto 60% of the ultimate tenile

 Composites are less noisy while in operation and provide lower

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