Ic Engine Ignition System
Ic Engine Ignition System
Ic Engine Ignition System
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Introduction – contd.
3
Ignition System -Requirements
It should provide a good spark between the
electrodes of the plugs at the correct timing
The duration of the spark must be long enough with
sufficient energy to ensure that ignition of the mixture
has a high chance of occurring
The system must distribute this high voltage to each
of the spark plugs at the exact time in every cycle, i.e.,
it must have in it a distributing device
It should function efficiently over the entire range of
engine speed
It should be light, effective and reliable in service
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Glow plug ignition
One of the early ignition system employed was
the glow plug ignition used in some kinds of simple
engines like model aircraft.
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Contact ignition
The other method used was the contact
ignition. It consisted of a copper or brass rod
that protruded into the cylinder, and was
heated using an external source. Heat
conduction kept the end of the rod hot, and
ignition takes place when the combustible
mixture comes into its contact. Naturally this
was very inefficient as the fuel would not be
ignited in a controlled manner. This type of
arrangement was quickly superseded by spark
ignition.
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Modern ignition systems
The development of high speed, high
compression internal combustion engine requires
a reliable high-speed ignition system. This is met
by a high-tension ignition system that uses a spark
plug as the source of ignition. The electrical energy
to the spark plug is supplied by one of the
following systems and is termed accordingly.
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Battery ignition system
Secondary
Coil winding
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Battery ignition system
Ignition switch allows the driver to turn the system on and off
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Battery ignition system
The secondary circuit converts magnetic induction into
high voltage electricity to jump across the spark plug
gap, firing the mixture at the right time. The functions of
the components are:
Secondary the part of the coil that creates the high voltage
coil electricity
Coil wire a highly insulated wire to take the high voltage to the
distributor cap
Distributor a plastic cap which goes on top of the distributor, to hold
cap the high tension wires in the right order
Spark another highly insulated wire that takes the high voltage
plug leads from the cap to the plugs
Spark plugs take the electricity from the wires, and give it an air gap
in the combustion chamber to jump across, to ignite the
mixture
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Magneto ignition system
The high powered, high speed spark ignition
engines like aircraft, sports and racing cars use
magneto ignition system. The basic components of
a magneto ignition system consist of a magneto,
breaker points, capacitor, ignition switch,
distributor, spark plug leads, and spark plugs.
Magneto can either be rotating armature type or
rotating magneto type. In the former, the
armature consisting of the primary and secondary
windings all rotate between the poles of a
stationary magneto, while in the second type, the
magneto revolves and the windings are kept
stationary.
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Magneto ignition system
(with rotating magnets)
Spark plugs
Distributor
Coil
Ca m
Primary winding
Secondary winding
Rotating magnet (two-pole)
Contact- breaker
Ig nition
Capacitor switch
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Electric Circuit
Uses a changing
magnetic field to
generate current
in primary and
secondary circuits
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Magnetic Flux
• As magnet
approaches, induces
magnetic flux in
armature
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Spark Fires
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Breaker Points
• Crankshaft rotation
causes mechanical
actuation of breaker
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Electronic ignition system
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Electronic ignition system
Electronic
Ignition coil control unit
Switch Spark plugs
Sensor coil 3
Battery 4
Armature Distributor
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Electronic ignition system – contd.
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Electronic ignition system – contd.
The rest of the system (distributor and spark plugs)
remains the same as that of the mechanical system.
The lack of moving parts compared with the
mechanical system leads to greater reliability and
longer service intervals.
Electronic
Ignition coil control unit
Switch Spark plugs
Sensor coil 3
Battery 4
Armature Distributor
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Spark Plugs
Terminal
The spark plug ignites
the air-fuel mixture
inside the cylinder. Insulator
occurs
This when high
voltage, triggered at Electrode
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Firing Order
Firing order indicates the sequence or order in
which the firing impulses occur in a multi-
cylinder spark ignition engine. It is chosen to
give a uniform torque, and hence a uniform
distribution of firing per revolution of the engine.
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Firing Order
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1. http://www.mne.psu.edu/simpson/courses
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23. http://widget.ecn.purdue.edu/~yanchen/ME200/ME200-8.ppt -
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