2 Project Context
2 Project Context
2 Project Context
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Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
A t t h e e n d o f t h i s c h a p t e r, t h e
student is expected to:
• B e f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e d i ff e r e n t t o p i c s
from which a good research problem
and/or design may be derived;
• Have a general overview on how to
do a thesis and/or capstones
projects and its components.
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The Meaning of Research
Research is simply a systematic
and refined technique of thinking,
employing specialized tools,
instruments, and procedures in
order to obtain a more adequate
solution to a problem than would
be possible under ordinary means.
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The Meaning of Research
Oxford Concise Dictionary
“Research as a systematic
investigation into and study of
materials, sources, etc, in order to
establish facts and reach new
conclusions.
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Purpose of Research
The purpose of research is to serve
man and the goal of research is
good life, to satisfy man’s craving
for more understanding, to improve
his judgments, to add to his power
to reduce the burden of work, to
relieve suffering, and to increase the
satisfaction in multitudinous ways-
these are the large and fundamental
goals of research.
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Characteristics of Research
Empirical
Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the
researcher. The collection of data
relies on practical experience
without benefit of the scientific
knowledge or theory.
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Characteristics of Research
Logical
Research i s based on vali d
procedures and princ ipl es. S cientific
investigation i s done in an orderly
manner so that the res earcher has
confidence on the results. Logical
examinati on of the procedures used in
the research enables the res earcher to
draw val id concl usions. T hu s, the logic
of val id research makes it important
for decision maki ng. 7 7
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Characteristics of Research
Cyclical
Research is a cyclical process. It
starts with a problem and ends with a
problem. For instance, a researcher
who completes his study states his
findings and draws up his conclusions
and recommendations. In his
recommendations, many problems
may crop up as other subjects for
study hence, the cycle is repeated. 8 8
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Characteristics of Research
Analytical
Research utilized proven analytical
procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive,
experimental or case study.
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Characteristics of Research
Replicability
The research designs and procedures
are replicated to enable the researcher
to arrive at valid and conclusive
results. Similarities and differences of
replicated researches can be
compared. The more replications, the
more valid and conclusive the results
would be.
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Characteristics of Research
Critical
Research exhibits careful and
precise judgments. A higher level
of confidence must be established,
i.e., at one percent or five percent
level of confidence.
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Types of Research
Applied Research
Involves seeking new applications
of scientific knowledge to the
solution of a problem, such as the
development of a new system or
procedure, new device, or new
method in order to solve the
problem.
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Types of Research
cont…
Applied research refers to the
application of theory to the solution
of problems.
Example: Development and
Evaluation of a Visual
Room Scheduler for CNSC
using AI
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Types of Research
Action Research
Feature of applied research, which is
a decision-oriented research involving
the application of the steps of the
scientific method in response to an
immediate need to improve existing
practices. Focused on immediate
application.
Example: Vaccination
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Types of Research
Pure Research
Aims to discover basic truths or
principles. It is intended to add to
the body of knowledge by exploring
the unknown, to extend the
boundaries of knowledge, as well
as to discover new facts.
Example: Newton’s Law
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Methods of Research
A research methodology defines
what the activity of research is,
how to proceed, how to measure
progress, and what constitutes
success.
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Methods of Research
1. Descriptive research
• It describes what is.
• It involves the description,
recording, analysis, and
interpretation of the present nature,
composition or processes of
phenomena.
• The focus is on prevailing condition.
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Methods of Research
2. Historical research
• Process of selecting the area or
topic to write the history about,
collecting data about events that
occurred in the area or about the
topic, collating the data etc.
• Describes what occurred in the past
and makes a critical inquiry into the
truth of what occurred. 1818
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Methods of Research
3. Experimental research
• A problem-solving approach that
describes the effect when certain
variables are carefully controlled or
manipulated.
• Focuses on the past, present and
future conditions .
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Methods of Research
4. Ex post Facto Research
• The researcher investigates a
problem by studying the variable in
retrospect.
• A research in which the dependent
variable is immediately observable
and the main concern is to find out
the antecedents that gave rise to this
consequences.
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Methods of Research
5. Case Study Research
• According to Bromley (1990), it
is a systematic inquiry into an
event or a set of related events
which aims to describe and
explain the phenomenon of
interest.
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Research vs Design
• Research is the applicable term for
the BSCS program because the
latter is a research-based program
and hence, thesis is a requirement.
• Design is the applicable term for
BSIT, BSIS and BSEMC programs
because these programs require
capstone projects.
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Research and Design Distinguished
We Research to explain WHY
THINGS HAPPEN.
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Research vs Design Problem
• A research problem is commonly
defines as any significant, perplexing
and challenging situation, real or
artificial, the solution of which
requires reflective thinking.
• A good research problem should be
Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Realistic, and Time Bound
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Research vs Design Problem
Research Design
It must be new. It does NOT need to be
new.
It does not have to be good It has to be good.
Does not have to be good Does not have to be new,
but it must be new. but it must be good.
It is done to understand the It is done to change the
world. world. 2525
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Research vs Design Problem
• The best research output solves
problems that are not only new but is
worth solving; while
• The best design exceeds its
predecessors (previous design) by
using new or better ideas and/or
methods.
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Thank You!
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