COMPARATIVE

POLICE SYSTEM

Prepared by:
PCpl Ceddie I Ariquez
ABOUT THE LECTURER
• Graduate, BS Criminology, Araullo University - PHINMA (2014)
• Registered Criminologists - 86.55% (Oct. 2014 CLE)
• Criminology Instructor and Lecturer of Criminologist Licensure
Examination
• Master of Science in Criminal Justice Education Major in
Criminology
• Appointed, Police Officer I, PNP-Headquarters Support Service
(Nov. 2016)
• Top 2, Alpha Company, Public Safety Basic Recruit Course,
2016-02, NCRTC
• Passer, Philippine Law School Admission Test (PHILSAT)
• Senior, Juris Doctor, Manila Law College
• Top 6, NAPOLCOM Police Officer Examination (Oct. 2018)
• Top 15, NAPOLCOM Senior Police Officer Examination (Apr.
2019)
• Top 3, Criminal Investigation Course Class 805-2021
 COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY
It is the study of the social occurrences of crime among
societies, in order to identify differences and similarities in
the patterns of crime. It is a discipline in the field of
behavioral sciences.
 COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE

A subfield of the study of Criminal Justice that

compares justice systems worldwide. Such study can take a
descriptive, historical, or political approach. It studies the
similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment
and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political
stature of different systems. It is common to broadly
categorize the functions of a criminal justice system into
policing, adjudication and corrections, although other
categorization schemes exist.
 The task of comparative criminal justice is to
compare and contrast our ways of responding to crime
with those practiced elsewhere. It also often involves,
even if it does not necessarily have to do so, borrowing
from, or at least trying to learn from, what is done in
other places. It would seem obvious therefore that, if it
is to be at all helpful, comparison requires
understanding and interpreting what those in other
places are actually trying to do.
Comparativists study the four different types of
societies, their methods of enforcement and their
different types of legal tradition and analyze the issues
they solve and create.
 FOUR MAJOR TYPES OF LEGAL TRADITIONS
BEING COMPARED (ISCC)
 Islamic

 Socialist

 Civil

 Common

An Islamic system, also known as Arabic or Muslim

justice, incorporates the teachings of the Koran into
justice. Socialist justice rules in communist countries.
Civil or Roman law is the justice system used in most
countries. Common justice is prevalent in most English-
speaking societies.
 COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM
According to Manwong, et. al. (2011), it is the process of
outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to
another in order to discover insights in the field of international
policing. Delos Santos (2012) further defined it as the science
and art of investigating and comparing the police system of
nations. It covers the study of police organizations, trainings and
methods of policing of various nations.
As distinguished from comparative criminal justice system,
comparative police system is more specific, besides it is a
fraction of the former. It only focuses on law enforcement – the
police and the system of enforcement. The former is more
complex as it incorporates the constituents of the justice system
as a whole.
 GLOBALIZATION

An expression used to point out increasing

global interdependence; or the intensification of
worldwide social relationships. It may also
mean the incorporation of world inhabitants into
a single world society or the deterritorialization
of human relations and of economy and
production, and the emergence of broad and
wide-reaching cultural, political, social and
financial flows.
 EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
 Opponents of globalization point out to its negative effects. Some
of them are listed below.
 Developed nations have outsourced manufacturing and white
collar jobs. That means less-jobs for their people. This has
happened because manufacturing work is outsourced to
developing nations like China where the cost of manufacturing
goods and wages are lower. Programmers, editors, scientists and
accountants have lost their jobs due to outsourcing to cheaper
locations like India.
 Globalization has led to exploitation of labor. Prisoners and child
workers are used to work in inhumane conditions. Safety
standards are ignored to produce cheap goods.
 Job insecurity. Earlier people had stable, permanent jobs. Now
people live in constant dread of losing their jobs to competition.
Increased job competition has led to reduction in wages and
consequently lower standards of living.
 Terrorists have access to sophisticated weapons
enhancing their ability to inflict damage. Terrorists use
the Internet for communicating among themselves.
 Companies have set up industries causing pollution in
countries with poor regulation of pollution.
 Fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC are spreading
in the developing world. People are consuming more
junk food from these joints which has an adverse impact
on their health.
 The benefits of globalization are not universal. The rich
are getting richer and the poor are becoming poorer.
 Bad aspects of foreign cultures are affecting the local
cultures through TV and the Internet.
 Enemy nations can spread propaganda through the Internet.

 Deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS are being spread by

travelers to the remotest corners of the globe.
 Local industries are being taken over by foreign
multinationals.
 The increase in prices has reduced the government’s ability
to sustain social welfare schemes in developed countries.
 There is increase in human trafficking.

 Multi-National Companies and corporations which were

previously restricted to commercial activities are
increasingly influencing political decisions.
Global Policing – indicate
those forms of policing that are
fully global in scope.
International Policing –
indicate those types of policing
that are formally directed by
institutions usually responsible
for international affairs.
Transnational Policing –
pertains to all forms of
policing that transgress
national borders.
Transnational Crime –
refers to crime that takes place
across national borders.
 According to the United Nations Convention of
Transnational Organized Crime (Article 3:2, an
offense is transnational if:
 It is committed in one state.

 It is committed in one state but a substantial part of

preparation, planning, direction or control takes place
in another state.
 Is committed in one state but involves an organized
crime group that engages in criminal activities in
more than one state; or
 Is committed in one state but has substantial effects in
another state.
Terrorism – the unlawful use of
force or violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or
any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives. (FBI,
1997)
Latin word “terrere” means “frighten”
Drug Trafficking – is the
illegal production and distribution
of controlled substances.
Money Laundering – is the
method by which criminals disguise
the illegal origins of their wealth and
protect their assets bases, so as to
avoid the suspicion of law
enforcement agencies and prevent
leaving a trail of incriminating
evidence.
Human Trafficking – recruitment,
transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt
of persons, by means of threat or use of force
or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of
fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or
of a position of vulnerability or of the giving
or receiving of payments or benefits to
achieve the consent of a person having
control over another person, for the purpose
of exploitation.
Cybercrime – refers to all
the activities done with
criminal intent in cyberspace.
THREE WAYS IN CATEGORIZING
COMPUTER CRIMES
 Computer as a target – attacking the
computer of other just like spreading a
virus
 Computer as a weapon – using computer
to commit “traditional crime” such as in
gambling or fraud
 Computer as an accessory – using a
computer as a “fancy filing cabinet” to
store illegal or stolen information
 GLOBALIZATION
Negative Effects:

1. Sweatshop
2. Brain drain
3. Effect on Environmental Degradation
4. Food Security
5. Effect on Disease
6. Drug and Illicit Goods Trade
 SWEATSHOP
a manufacturing facility
characterized by poor working
conditions, violations of labor
law, long hours, and low wages.
 BRAIN DRAIN

the mass emigration of

technically skilled people from
one country to another country
also known as “the human
capital flight”

Brain-Gain – the conversed

effect of brain drain
 GLOBAL POLICE COOPERATION:
 International Police Organization

With the new faces of criminality nowadays, police

officers are put in a situation wherein they were
outdated and that fighting it alone makes all effort
futile. With the advent of modern technologies,
commission of crimes has been also constantly
improved to close to perfection. This had challenge law
enforcement communities leading to the forging of ties
with international police organizations to bridge the gap
in fighting crimes in the global arena.
 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
(ICPO)
 It is famously known telegraphically as the INTERPOL. So far, it is
the world’s largest international police organization with a total of 195
member countries as of 2022.
 Founded in Vienna in 1923 and reconstituted in 1946. In 1955, the
number affiliated countries from 19 to 55. In 2004, the number of
affiliated countries increased to 181.
 It primarily facilities cross-border police cooperation and supports and
assist all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to
prevent or combat international crime.
 INTERPOL was first conceptualized way back 1914 during the First
International Criminal Police Congress held in Monaco wherein police
officers, lawyers and magistrates from 14 countries meet to discuss
arrest procedures, identification techniques, centralized international
records Commission (Now INTERPOL) was established with
Johannes Schober as the first president.
 Working Principle:
INTERPOL is not a police force. It is the
machinery for international criminal police
cooperation and communication. The principles on
which Interpol’s functioning is based have stood the
best time. It has become clear that the organization
cannot have teams of detectives with supranational
powers who travel around investigating cases in
different countries. International police cooperation is
the coordinated action of the member countries’ police
forces, all of which supply and request information
and services.
 Some of the important provisions of the Interpol
constitution provide for the following:
 To ensure and promote the widest possible mutual
assistance between all criminal police authorities, within
the limit of the laws existing in the different countries
and in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights; and
 To establish and develop all institutions likely to
contribute effectively t the prevention and suppression
of ordinary law crimes.
 “it is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake
any intervention or activities of a political, military,
religious or racial character”.
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
INTERPOL’s activities are driven by members countries,
within a clear framework of governing bodies and statutory
meetings.

 INTERPOL structure is comprised of the following:

 General Assembly

 Executive Committee

 General Secretariat

 National Central Bureaus

 Advisers

 The Commission for the Control on INTERPOL’s Files

 LOGO
Globe -worldwide;
Olive branches - peace;
Vertical sword - police action.
Scales - justice.
 THE FLAG OF INTERPOL

The flag has been in use since 1950.

It has a light-blue background;
The logo is in the centre;
The four lightning flashes
arranged symmetrically around the
emblem symbolize
telecommunications and speed in
police action.
 INTERPOL MANILA
Organized in 1961 with NBI as it
Focal point.
MO 92- Designating PNP in
February 15 , 1993, as NCB instead
of NBI and PNP chief as its
concurrent chairman
 The current emblem of Interpol was adopted in
1950 and according to their website has the
following symbolism:
 the globe indicates worldwide activity

 the olive branches represent peace

 the sword represents police action

 the scales signify justice

 THE OFFICIAL ABBREVIATIONS OICP –

organisation internationale de police criminelle
ICPO – international Criminal Police
Organization
Q- Due to rampant commission of
crimes, Interpol was organized, due to
its positive goals and objectives, the
Philippines joined the said
organization in-
A. 1993
B. 2010
C. 1961
D. 1975
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE
ORGANIZATION (ICPO)
 An organization facilitating international police
cooperation.

 Established as International Criminal Police

Commission in 1923.

 195member countries (Micronesia as the 195th

member of the INTERPOL)

 Headquarters: Lyon, France

INTERPOL STRUCTURE
 INTERPOL’s Organizational Structure
1. THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The General Assembly is composed of
delegates appointed by the governments of
Member countries. As INTERPOL’s supreme
governing body, it meets once a year and takes all
the major decisions affecting general policy, the
resources needed for international co-operation,
working methods, finances and programs of
activities. It also elects the Organization’s
Executive Committee.
 2. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
This 13-member committee is elected by the General
Assembly, and comprises the president, three vice-presidents
and nine delegates. The Executive Committee is INTERPOL’s
select deliberative organ which meets three times a year, usually
in March, July and immediately before the General Assembly.
In accordance with Article 15 of (their) Constitution the
Executive Committee has 13 members comprising the:
president of the organization, 3 vice-presidents and 9 delegates.
These members are elected by the General Assembly and should
belong to different countries. The president is elected for 4
years, and vice-presidents for 3. They are not immediately
eligible for re-election either to the same posts, or as delegates
to the Executive Committee.
Note: *The General Assembly and the Executive Committee
form the organization’s Governance.
 TRIVIAL INFORMATION ON
INTERPOL’S EXECOM:
 JOHANNES SCHOBER – The first
president of Interpol EXECOM (1923-
1932)
 JOLLY R. BUGARIN – The first
FILIPINO president of Interpol EXECOM
(1980-1984)
 MIREILLE BALLESTRAZZI – The
first FEMALE president of Interpol
EXECOM (2012-2016)
Q – Who is the current Secretary
General of the ICPO?

A. Mr. Khoo Boon Hui

B. Mireille Ballestrazzi
C. Ronald Noble
D. Jurgen Stock
E. Meng Hongwei
ICPO AS OF JANUARY 2023
Current President – Ahmed Naser Al-
Raisi
Current Vice Presidents – Sarka
Havrankova, Garba Baba Umar, and
Valdecy Urquisa
Current Secretary General – Jurgen
Stock
Composed of 195 countries worldwide
 3. THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT
The general secretariat, based in Lyon, France, is the
permanent administrative headquarters. It coordinates the
international activities of member countries, holds a library of
international criminal records, and organizes regular meetings at
which delegates can exchange information on police work.
The General Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365 days
and by the Secretary General.
The Secretariat has seven regional offices across the world;
in Argentina, Cameroon, Cote d’lvoire, El Salvador, Kenya,
Thailand and Zimbabwe, along with Special Representatives at
the United Nations in New York and at the European Union in
Brussels.
 Four official languages used by the
INTERPOL:
 Spanish
 Arabic
 French
 English
 4. THE NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS (NCB)
The NCB is the designated contact point for the General
Secretariat, regional officers and other member countries requiring
assistance with overseas investigations and the location and
apprehension of fugitives. Each INTERPOL member country
maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by national law
enforcement officers.
The ICPO – Interpol Constitution calls for the appointment by
each member country of a body to serve as the Nationals Central
Bureau (NCB). Recognizing the importance of the role of the
NCBs in the context of international police cooperation and
believing that for an NCB to be effective and meet the needs of
international police cooperation, the document entitled “The
National Central Bureau of the ICP-Interpol: Policy”, was adopted
as set of policy guidelines for the NCBs.
 The NCBs activities can be summarized as
follows:
 Collects documents and criminal intelligence, which
have a direct bearing on international police co-
operation from sources in that own countries, and
pass this material on to the other NCBs and the
General Secretariat.
 Ensures that police action or operations requested by
another country’s NCBs are carried out on their
territory;
 Receives requests for information, checks, etc. from
another NCBs and reply to such request.
 Transmits request for international co-operation made
by their own courts or police departments to the NCBs
of other countries; and
 The Heads of the NCBs attend Interpol General
Assembly sessions as members of their countries
delegations, and subsequently ensure that the
Assembly’s resolutions are implemented.
 The NCBs communicate directly among themselves.
However, they keep the General Secretariat informed
of their investigations so that the latter can perform its
task of centralizing information and coordinating
cooperation.
 NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS (NCB)
 Each INTERPOL member country maintains
a National Central Bureau staffed by national
law enforcement officers. The NCB is the
designated contact point for the General
Secretariat, regional offices and other
member countries requiring assistance with
overseas investigations and the location and
apprehension of fugitives.
Q- The current location of the NCB
in the PHILIPPINES is at-
A. NBI Taft Avenue
B. Camp Aguinaldo
C. Office of the President
D. Camp Crame ,Quezon City
 ADVISERS
these are experts in a purely
advisory capacity, who may be
appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
 5. THE ADVISERS
These are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be
appointed by the Executive Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.

 6. THE COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF

INTERPOL’S FILES (CCF)
This is an independent body whose mandate is threefold:
 To ensure that the processing of personal information by
INTERPOL complies with the Organization’s regulations
 To advise INTERPOL on any project, operation, set of rules
or other matter involving the processing of personal
information and
 To process requests concerning the information contained in
INTERPOL’s files
 The Interpol National Central Bureau – Manila
 DG of PNP ------------------------------------------------Chairman
 Director, NBI --------------------------------------------Member
 Commissioner, BC--------------------------------------Member
 Commissioner, BIR ------------------------------------Member
 Commissioner, BI --------------------------------------Member
 Governor, BSP ------------------------------------------Member
 Executive Director, DDB-----------------------------Member

 The first four were designated by the President, and the last three
were unanimously chosen by members of the NATIONAL Law
Enforcement Coordinating Committee (NALECC) as authorized
by the President thru NALECC Resolution 93-10 dated 21 July
1993.
Q- The General Headquarters of The
Interpol is at?
A. Lyon, France
B. Lyons, France
C. Lions, France
D. Lyons, French
E. None of the above
 Q- It is an Interpol operation in order to
locate and arrest serious long-term
international fugitives, On the run from
justice, these criminals have
committed crimes such as murder,
child sexual abuse, drug trafficking
and money laundering.
 A. Operation Infra-Red
 B. Operation Task-force Limbas
 C. Operation Task-force Usig
 D. Operation Anti- Criminality
 What are the Priorities of INTERPOL?
INTERPOL has amended its strategic
framework for the years 2011-2013 during the
81st session of the General Assembly (2012), to
provide an enhanced, focused and effective
direction for our programs and activities during
this period. These priorities are:
 Four strategic priorities and
 Two cooperate priorities
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES (SCA-24)
 Secure global communication systems

INTERPOL designs a secure global police communications

and support system (known as l-24/7) that connects all 190
National Central Bureaus (NCBs), along with other authorized law
enforcement agencies and strategic partners, allowing them to
instantly access, request and submit vital data.

 24/7 support to policing and law enforcement

Providing of round-the-clock support and a wide range of
operational assistance to member countries, including emergency
and crisis response.
 Investigative expertise

 Deployment of teams specialized in incident response

 Security issues at major events and the identification of disaster

victims.
 Capacity building
Enhancing the tools and services in the area of law
enforcement training and raising standards in international
policing and security infrastructures. Working with partners and
stakeholders in order to build the capacity of police services in
countries in need and to empower them to respond effectively
to the challenges of transnational crime.

 Assisting member countries in the identification of crimes

and criminals
Delivery of high quality database services, analytical
capabilities and other innovative tools to assist in preventing
crime. Aimed at further improving criminal information
databases and better support their integration, along with
analytical/investigative methods and mechanisms.
CORPORATE PRIORITIES (EI)
 Ensure Organizational Health and Sustainability

Strengthening core infrastructure, improving business model

and communicating long-term relevance in terms of policing and
law enforcement leadership and support. Other objectives will
focus on human resources and staff well-being, communications
strategies, and building support for our strategic priorities.

 Institutional and Legal Support

Focusing efforts on enhancing the legal stability and
foundation for international activities, innovative solutions to
complement INTERPOL’s funding, including ensuring
compliance with INTERPOL rules and regulations. One of the
overriding considerations is to enhance the Organization’s
neutrality and independence.
THE INTERPOL’s CRIME PRIORITY AREAS (DFF-
PTC)
Drugs and criminal organizations
Financial and High-Tech Crimes
Fugitives
Public Safety and Terrorism
Trafficking in human beings
Corruption

THE INTERPOL’S FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS (SOOT)

Secure Global Police Communications Services
Operational Data Services and Databases for Police
Operational Police Support Services
Training and Development
 SECURE GLOBAL POLICE COMMUNICATIONS
SERVICES
A fundamental condition for successful international
police cooperation. It is essential for police forces to be
able to communicate with each other, worldwide, in ‘real
time’, and in a secure way. Realizing the dire need for
improved means of communications in today’s highly
technical world, INTERPOL subsequently designed and
implemented a state-of-the-art global communications
system for the law enforcement community, called “l-
24/7”. “l” stands for INTERPOL; 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week. Recent development includes the “l-link”.
 What is l-24/7?
A network that enables investigators to access
INTERPOL’s range of criminal databases. The l-24/7
system was created in January 2003, and is an enhanced
communication service and an innovative, user-friendly
tool for international law enforcement. Information about
suspected individuals and groups and their activities is
exchanged between INTERPOL’s member countries and
its General Secretariat in a fast, reliable and secure
manner. l-24/7 provides a creative, modern and
sophisticated way to make international law enforcement
efforts more effective, and easier to perform.
 What is I-LINK?
I-link is a unique and dynamic operational system that
centralizers and continually enhances database features. It will
also help make connections between seemingly unrelated
investigations, by identifying common threads. Officers in
National Central Bureaus (NCBs) and other authorized users are
able to access I-link through the I-24/7 network.

 OPERATIONAL DATA SERVICES AND DATABASES

FOR POLICE
A broad range of global databases, incorporating key
information such as names of criminals and suspected
individuals, fingerprints, photographs, DNA profiles, request for
wanted persons, lost and stolen travel documents, stolen
vehicles, and weapons related to criminal cases.
 Main Database:
 Stolen and Lost Travel Documents
 Child sexual exploitation images
 Stolen Works of Art
 Firearms
 DNA Profiles
 Fingerprints
 Notices
 Stolen Motor Vehicles
 OPERATIONAL POLICE SUPPORT SERVICES
It involves efforts such as making available INTERPOL’s
know-how, expertise and best practices to all authorities, services
and organizations world-wide. Support Services also include the
collection, analysis and evaluation of information which
INTERPOL’s headquarters receives from its member countries.

 Response teams:
 INCIDENT RESPONSE TEAMS (IRT)

 Disaster

 Crimes

 INTERPOL’s MAJOR EVENTS SUPPORT TEAMS (IMEST)

 For large sporting events etc.
 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
The cluster of activities that help officials in
INTERPOL’s 195 member countries to improve their
operational effectiveness, enhance their skills and build their
capacity to address the increasingly globalized and
sophisticated nature of criminality today.

 THE INTERPOL’S CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE

ANALYSIS (CIA)
The identification of and provision of insight into the
relationship between crime data and other potentially
relevant data with a view to police and judicial practice.
 DIVISION OF THE C.I.A.
 OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS – aims to achieve a
specific law enforcement outcome. It has more
immediate benefit. This might be arrest, seizure of
forfeiture of assets or money gained from criminal
activities, or the disruption of a criminal group.
 STRATEGIC ANALYSIS – intended to inform higher
level decision making and the benefits are realized over
the longer term. It is usually aimed at managers and
policy-makers rather than to support senior decision-
makers in setting priorities to prepare their organization
to be able to deal with emerging criminal issues.
 INTERPOL-NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU MANILA
 What Agency Houses the NCB of the Philippines?

The contact point (NCB) of Interpol’s Secretariat in the

Philippines can be found at the Philippine Center on
Transnational Crimes (PCTC). This agency maintains the NCB
which is referred to as “NALECC-SCILEC” (National Law
Enforcement Coordinating Committee – Sub Committee on
International Law Enforcement Cooperation). INTERPOL
Manila is an integral part of the PCTC.
The National Central Bureau (NCB) for the Philippines is an
inter-ministerial entity which is not part of the Philippine
National Police but instead is directly attached to the Office of
the President. As such it benefits from direct access to the
services of law enforcement agencies in the Philippines.
INTERPOL Manila works around the clock and uses
English as its main working language.
 Its mission is to serve as the liaison office and main
coordinating body for international police cooperation on
behalf of all law enforcement agencies in the Philippines.
Its main duties include:
 Monitoring and coordinating law enforcement activities
relating to transnational crimes affecting the Philippines;
 Operating and maintaining an operations center to serve as
the focal point for international cooperation on
transnational crime for all law enforcement agencies in the
Philippines;
 Acting as a NALECC Sub Committee in the monitoring of
crime and activities which threaten national security and
the economy.
INTERNATIONAL
NOTICES
 RED NOTICE

 To seek the arrest or

provisional arrest of
wanted persons with a
view to extradition.
 YELLOW NOTICE
 To help locate
missing persons,
often minors, or to
help identify
persons who are
unable to identify
themselves.
 BLUE NOTICE
 To collect additional
information about a
person’s identity or
activities in relation
to a crime.
BLACK NOTICE

 Toseek information
on unidentified
bodies.
 GREEN NOTICE
 To provide warnings
and criminal
intelligence about
persons who have
committed criminal
offences and are
likely to repeat these
crimes in other
countries.
 ORANGE NOTICE
 To warn police, public
entities and other
international
organizations about
potential threats from
disguised weapons,
parcel bombs and
other dangerous
materials.
 PURPLE NOTICE
 To provide
information on modi
operandi, procedures,
objects, devices and
hiding places used by
criminals.
 INTERPOL-
UNITED NATIONS
SPECIAL NOTICE

 Issuedfor groups and

individuals who are
the targets of UN
sanctions against Al
Qaeda and the
Taliban. 
Q- What is the third largest
organization in the world?
A. UN
B. IPU
C. FIBA
D. FIFA
E. ICPO
 THE PHILIPPINE CENTER ON TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME (PCTC)
The PCTC came into being by virtue of Executive Order 62
issued by then former President Joseph E. Estrada in 1999. It is
the national law enforcement agency which carries investigations
beyond the borders of the Philippines and coordinates all
transnational crime operations carried out by other government
agencies of the Philippines. Further, it designs new projects to
strengthen the country’s combined response and ensures the
efficient exchange of information. Furthermore, the PCTC
recommends ways to better prevent transnational crime and to
detect and apprehend criminals operating across borders. A central
database of national and international legislation underpins these
recommendations. Activities are reinforced through training
programs delivered in cooperation with national government
agencies, other countries and international organizations.
 The PCTC is mandated to undertake
investigations and take actions on the following:
 Illicit trafficking of Narcotic drugs and
psychotropic substances;
 Money laundering;

 Terrorism;

 Arms smuggling;

 Trafficking in persons;

 Piracy;

 Any crime which impacts the stability and

security of the Philippines.
 EUROPOL (EUROPEAN POLICE)
 The counterpart of INTERPOL in Europe.

 Europol is the European Union’s law enforcement agency whose

main goal is to help achieve a safer Europe for the benefit of all
EU citizens.
 Almost 800 staff at Europol headquarters in The Hague, the
Netherlands, works closely with law enforcement agencies in the
28 EU Member States and in other non-EU partner states such
as Australia, Canada, the USA and Norway.
 Like INTERPOL, Europol officers have no direct powers of
arrest but support EU law enforcement colleagues by gathering,
analyzing and disseminating information and coordinating
operations. Our partners use the input to prevent, detect and
investigate offences, and to track down and prosecute those who
commit them. Europol experts and analysts take part in Joint
Investigation Teams which help solve criminal cases on the spot
in EU countries.
 EUROPOL
 Short for: European Union Agency for Law
Enforcement Cooperation, formerly European
Police Office
 Headquarters :Hague Netherlands.
 A European Union's criminal intelligence agency.
 It became fully operational on 1 July 1999.
 The establishment of Europol was agreed to in the
1992 Maastricht Treaty, officially known as the Treaty
on European Union (TEU) that came into effect in
November 1993.
 Member States: 28
 Europol’s current Executive Director -
Catherine De Bolle
 Three Deputy Directors:
 Jean-Philippe Lecouffe, Deputy Director,
Operations Department
 Jurgen Ebner, Deputy Director,
Governance Department
 Luis de Eusebio Ramos, Deputy Director,
Capabilities Department
 EXPERTISE that EUROPOL can cater to member
countries: (IIF-OOJ)
1. Information Exchange
 The Secure Information Exchange Network Application
(SIENA) is a state-of-the-art tool designed to enable swift,
secure and user-friendly communication and exchange of
operational and strategic crime-related information and
intelligence between Europol, Member States and third
parties that have cooperation agreements with Europol.
2. Intelligence Analysis
 It includes Operational and Strategic Analysis

 Europol Analysis System (EAS) the operational information

system hosting data contributed by Europol’s stakeholders.
 3. Forensics
 Europol provides distance and on-the-spot forensic and technical
support to EU investigators in the following areas:
 Payment card fraud
 Cybercrime
 Euro counterfeiting, production of counterfeit goods and forged
documents
 Dismantling of illicit drug production, storage and dump sites. 
 A variety of analysis tools are available to assist EU law
enforcement authorities including, for example, the Universal
Forensic Extraction Device (UFED). This is a standalone mobile
forensic kit that can extract data from 95% of all mobile phones
and PDA devices. Extracted data can then be brought back to the
forensic lab for review and verification using the reporting and
analysis tool.
 4. Operational Center
 Europol’s 24/7 operational center is the hub for data
exchange between Europol, EU Member States and third
parties.
 all Europol’s operational and ICT services are continuously
available to ember States. A mobile office is additionally
available for on-the-spot support to Member States’
operations, providing a live connection to Europol’s databases
and platforms experts.
 5. Operational Statistics

 To support Member States’ investigations, Europol produce:

 Hit notifications

 Cross match reports

 Knowledge products

 Operational analysis reports

 6.Joint Investigation Team
 An investigation team set up for a fixed period,
based on an agreement between two or more EU
Member States and/or competent authorities, for a
specific purpose. Non EU Member States may
participate in a JIT with the agreement of all other
parties.
 The aim of a JIT is per definition to investigate
specific cases, it is not possible to establish a
generically competent task force for a certain type
of crime, nor is it possible to set up a permanent
operational team by using the JIT setup and
concept.
 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(IACP)
 A dynamic organization that serves as the professional voice of law
enforcement. IACP is a comprehensive professional organization that
supports law enforcement leaders of today and develops the leaders of
tomorrow.
 The world’s oldest and largest nonprofit membership organization of
police executives, with over 20,000 members in over 89 different
countries. IACP’s leadership consists of the operating chief executives
of international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.
 It was founded in Chicago in 1893 as the National Chiefs of Police
Union. The primary goal of this organization was to apprehend and
return criminals who had fled the agency jurisdictions in which they
were wanted. The organization has expanded over the years with the
goals of advancing the science and art of police work, promoting
improved practices throughout the law enforcement community and
foster cooperation and information exchange among police
administrators.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
CHIEFS OF POLICE (IACP)
 Was founded in Chicago in 1893 as the
National Chiefs of Police Union.
 World’s oldest and largest nonprofit
membership organization of police
executives, with over 20,000 members in
over 89 different countries.
 The primary goal of this organization was to
apprehend and return criminals who had
fled the agency jurisdictions in which they
were wanted.
 Based in Alexandria, Virginia, United States
Q – WHO IS THE CURRENT
PRESIDENT OF IACP?
A. Craig T. Steckler,
B. Richard Beary
C. Khoo Bhoon Hui
D. Cynthia E Renaud
IACP AS OF JANUARY 2023

Current President – Cynthia E

Renaud
Current Executive Director –
Vincent Talucci
Headquarters - Alexandria,
Virginia, United States
 IACP’s stated mission includes the following:
 Advance the science and art of police services;

 Develop and disseminate improved administrative,

technical and operational practices and promote their use
in police work;
 Foster police cooperation and the exchange of
information and experience among police administrators
throughout the world;
 Bring about recruitment and training in the police
profession of qualified persons
 Encourage adherence of all police officers to high
professional standards of performance and conduct.
 ASEAN CHIEFS OF POLICE (ASEANAPOL)
 Established in 1981 and became the premier regional
platform for all the heads of Asian national police force
to interact as well as to discuss, exchange views and
update each other on the latest development in law
enforcement and transnational issues in their respective
countries
 After 24 years, it has grown from 5 police chiefs to a
solid force of the ASEAN TEN, signaling the emergence
of a regional alliance that is determined to secure not
only our own individual sovereignties but also the peace
and progress of our community.
 MEMBER COUNTRIES
 Brunei

 Cambodia

 Indonesia

 Laos People Democratic Republic (Laos)

 Malaysia

 Myanmar

 Philippines

 Singapore

 Thailand

 Vietnam
 The first formal meeting of the Chiefs of ASEAN Police was
held in Manila, Philippines on the 21 to 23 October 1981.
 To discuss matters of law enforcement and crime control.

 This annual meeting was called ASEANAPOL Conference.

 The basic requirement for a country to become a member of

ASEANPOL is that the country shall first be a member of
ASEAN and the application shall be tabled at the conference for
approval.
 The members of ASEANPOL were originally Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines.
 1984, Royal Brunei Police joined the conference for the 1st time.

 1996, The Republic of Vietnam National Police joined the

conference
 1998, Laos General Department of Police and Myanmar police
force joined the conference
 2000, Cambodia National Police joined the conference
 ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT
 The Secretariat of ASEANAPOL was on a rotational basis
with member countries taking turns to host the
ASEANAPOL Conference and automatically assume the role
of the secretariat for the current year. The 25th Joint
Communique signed by the ASEAN Chiefs of Police during
the 25th ASEANAPOL Conference held in Bali, Indonesia,
expressly stated the need to establish a Permanent
ASEANAPOL Secretariat.
 During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam
in 2009, the Terms of Reference on the establishment of
ASEANAPOL Secretariat was endorsed. Kuala Lumpur was
made the permanent seat for the Secretariat.
 The ASEANAPOL Secretariat was fully operational from the
1st January 2010.
 ASEANAPOL
 Stands for: Association of South East Asian
National Police.
Meeting: Executive committee meets
Annually
 Address :  Level 1, Tower 2 Royal Malaysia
Police  Headquarters, Bukit Aman, 50560 Kuala
Lumpur Malaysia
Headed by: Executive Director, With at
least a rank of COLONEL or its equivalent
with a term of two years
 THE UNITED NATIONS (UN)
The United Nations is an international organization founded
in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to
maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly
relations among nations and human rights. It holds the title as the
largest world organization with its current 193 member countries.

 The UN has 4 main purposes:

 To keep peace throughout the world;

 To develop friendly relations among nations;

 To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor

people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to
encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;
 To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve
these goals.
 UNITED NATIONS
 An international organization whose stated aims are
facilitating cooperation in international law,
international security, economic development, social
progress, human rights, and achievement of world
peace.
 It was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace
the League of Nations, to stop wars between
countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue.
 The United Nations Headquarters resides in
international territory in New York City, with further
main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna.
It is also called the
PALERMO
CONVENTION.
Q- What is the 5thlargest organization
in the world that organized to combat
transnational crime?
A. UN
B. IPU
C. FIBA
D. PCTC
E. ICPO
 MAIN BODIES OF THE UN STRUCTURE (GE-IS)
 GENERAL ASSEMBLY

The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the

UN and is composed of representatives of all Member States.
The work of the United Nations year-round derives largely
from thee mandates given by the General Assembly. A
revitalization of the Assembly is under way to enhance its role,
authority, effectiveness and efficiency.

 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) established
by the UN Charter, is the principal organ to coordinate the
economic, social and related work of the United Nations and
the specialized agencies and institutions. Voting in the Council
is b simple majority; each member has one vote.
 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
The International Court of Justice, located at The Hague
in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the
United Nations. It settles legal disputes between states and
gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized
agencies. Its Statute is an integral part of the Unite Nations
Charter.

 SECURITY COUNCIL
The Security Council has primary responsibility, under
the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace
and security. A reform of the Security Council, including its
membership is under consideration.
PEACEKEEPING
MISSIONS
UNITED NATIONS
 It was formerly known as League of Nations
 An intergovernmental organization created in 1945 to
promote world peace, economic and social development,
and other forms of international cooperation.
 Members: 193 countries as of 2019, 2 observer (Vatican
City & State of Palestine)
 Headquarters: International territory, New York City

 Official Languages: Arabic, French, Russian, English,

Chinese, Spanish
UNITED NATIONS AS OF AUGUST 2022
 Current Secretary General – Antonio Guterres
 Current Deputy Secretary General – Amina J
Mohhamed
 Current General Assembly President – Abdulla
Shahid
 Current Economic and Social Council President
– Collen Vixen Kelapile
Q- The International Court of Justice also
known as world court is one of the
principal organs of the UN which is
located at-
A. Lyon, France
B. New York City
C. Hague, Netherlands
D. Bukit Aman, Malaysia
SIX PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF UN
 1. General Assembly
 Main deliberative assembly.

 2. Security Council

 Deciding certain resolutions for peace and

security;
 3. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

 Promoting international economic and social co-

operation and development;
 4. Secretariat
 Providing studies, information, and facilities needed by
the UN.
 5. International Court of Justice

 Primary judicial organ which is commonly referred to as

World Court.
 Based: Peace Palace, Hague Netherlands

 Composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are

appointed by the General Assembly; every sitting judge
must be from a different nation
 6. United Nations Trusteeship Council (inactive since
1994).
 UN PEACEKEEPING MISSION
 In September 2013, the UN had peacekeeping soldiers
deployed on 15 missions.
 The largest was the
United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the D
emocratic Republic of the Congo
(MONUSCO), which included 20,688 uniformed
personnel.
 The smallest,
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakis
tan
(UNMOGIP) included 42 uniformed personnel responsible
for monitoring the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir.
 UN peacekeepers with the
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the
 PARTICIPATION OF PNP PERSONNEL
IN U.N. PEACEKEEPING MISSION PNP
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 2009-006
“RULES AND PROCEDURES ON THE
SELECTION OF THE PNP PERSONNEL
FOR SECONDMENT, DETAIL TO
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS” UN Special
Action Team (UNSAT)
 QUALIFICATIONS
 A. Age Requirement
 Must not be less than 25 years old or more than 53 years old upon
actual deployment.
 B. Rank Requirement
 For Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs): PSINSP to PSUPT.
 For Police Non-commissioned Officers (PNCOs): PO3 to SPO4.
 All applicants must have been appointed in permanent status in their
respective present ranks
 C. Service Requirement
 minimum of 5 years of active police service (excluding cadetship,
officer orientation/trainee course, and police basic course)
 QUALIFICATIONS
 D. Physical Requirement
 Passed the latest Physical Fitness Test (PFT) conducted
by the PNP DHRDD, as well as medical, dental, and
neuropsychiatric examinations.
 E. Special Skills Needed

 Computer Literacy Requirement

 Driving Proficiency Requirement

 F. Unit Recommendation Requirement

 Must be recommended by Unit Commanders (Command

Group or Directors of their respective Directorial Staff,
National Support Units, or Police Regional Offices).
 QUALIFICATIONS
 G. Other Requirements
 must hold a Performance Evaluation Rating (PER) with a
minimum Very Satisfactory evaluation for two (2) consecutive
rating semesters
 Must not have been repatriated from any previous UN mission for
disciplinary reasons
 Must not have been convicted of any administrative or criminal
offense; have no pending administrative/criminal cases in any
body/tribunal/court.
 No applicant should be a witness to any administrative/criminal
case, especially those covered by Republic Act 9165, or a
summary hearing officer with unresolved cases.
 TERM OF DEPLOYMENT All PNP personnel who are deployed
as part of the UN Peacekeeping Mission shall have one (1) year
tenure, extendable to 6 months
There are currently 
15 UN peace operations deployed
on four continents.
The Philippines is presently No. 24 in
the UN’s list of top troop contributing
countries with a total of 1,062 Filipino
military and police personnel serving
in Afghanistan, Cote d’ Ivoire, Darfur,
Golan Heights, Haiti, Kashmir,
Liberia, Sudan and Timor-Leste.
Q- The longest-running active
peacekeeping mission by the
United Nations is at-
A. Jammu
B. Kashmir
C. Congo
D. Middle East
 SELECTED POLICE MODELS
 U.S. and other EUROPEAN MODEL

 THE U.S. POLICE DEPARTMENT (FSCP)

Policing in the United States (U.S.) is divided into four broad

categories: Federal, State County and Municipal agencies. Each
branch of law enforcement has been created to enforce a specific of
laws within a specific geographical area.

 FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

Police officers that work for the national government are
generally called federal police officers. These police officers
enforce criminal federal laws that are passed by the United States
Congress and signed into law by the president. They have the
authority to arrest anyone who commits violation of federal criminal
laws within the specific area they are hired to protect.
 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI) is
probably the best known of the federal law enforcement
agencies. The FBI is under the U.S. DOJ. This agency is not a
police agency, instead it investigates matters involving
violations of federal law including civil rights violations,
espionage, treason, bank robbery of federally insured
institution, serious crimes that crosses state lines, and
terrorism.
 UNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE is the nation’s
oldest federal law enforcement agency. Marshals serve to
protect federal judicial officials, maintain security in federal
courthouses, and protect the safety of the witnesses in federal
trials who are endangered by testifying. The U.S. Marshals
also track down fugitives from justice from across the world,
transport federal prisoners who needs to be moved across
jurisdictions, and maintain detention facilities for unsentenced
prisoners.
US SECRET SERVICE
Two primary missions:
 Protecting all living current and former U.S. president and their families

 Controlling counterfeiting

 BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FRIEARMS, and

EXPLOSIVES
 Assist in controlling the sale of untaxed liquor and cigarettes, illegal
firearms, and explosives.

 DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (DEA)

 The federal agency that enforces federal drug laws.

 Agents of the DEA primarily carry out their responsibilities by assisting

local and state authorities in investigating illegal drug use and drug
tracking. They also work with foreign governments to reduce the
amount of illegal drugs entering the United States, as well as operate
independent investigations into drug crime.
 STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
 All 50 states have state police agencies. Generally, there are two models
of state police agencies. Some states like New York, Pennsylvania, and
Michigan have a single State Police Department that is responsible for
both traffic and criminal investigative responsibilities. One unit is
responsible for patrolling state turnpikes and highways. The second unit
is responsible for investigating criminal offenses.
 The second model of policing used by state agencies has been adopted by
state such as California, Florida, Georgia, and Kansas. These states have
two separate state police agencies. One agency is called the Highway
Patrol. The Highway Patrol monitors state turnpikes and highways. The
second state level policing agency is assigned the responsibility for state
level criminal investigations. The names of these agencies are varied and
include the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Georgia Bureau of
Investigation, and Kansas Bureau of Investigation.
 In addition, state law enforcement may be responsible for running state
law enforcement training academies, providing emergency medical
services, maintaining a crime lab, and providing other services that are
needed to support local level law enforcement efforts.
 COUNTY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
 The third level of policing occurs at the country level and
typically involves an elected sheriff and appointed deputies.
A few states may for forego the title of the sheriff and
maintain a county police enforcement.
 The duty of the sheriff’s department varies according to the
size and population of the county. Nearly all sheriffs’ office
provides basic law enforcement services to areas outside
incorporated municipalities. These duties include routine
patrol, responding to citizen calls for service and
investigating crimes. They are authorities to enforce laws
within their county as well as enforcing county level laws
including traffic enforcement and in many counties, animal
control.
 In addition, sheriffs’ departments are usually responsible for
county jail or detention facility. Although some states still
maintain separate local detention facilities in every city and
town, most have consolidated this function into a single
county are facility utilized by all municipalities within the
county. Detention duties may be rotated among all appointed
deputies, or deputies may be hired for the single purpose of
staffing and monitoring the detention facility.
 Finally, the sheriff’s department is typically assigned duties
associated with court services. These duties include serving
civil court summons, providing court security, providing
courthouse security, and dealing with criminal warrants.
 MUNICIPAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Municipal law enforcement agencies are those police
departments created to serve an incorporated city, town, village or
borough. The primary reason municipalities establish a police
department is to maintain order.
The American Bar Association (ABA) outlines the function of
the municipal police officer to include a broad range of activities.
Municipal police officers are expected to:
 Identify criminal offenders and criminal activity and where
appropriate, apprehend offenders and participate in subsequent
court proceeding.
 Reduce the opportunities for the commission of some crimes
through preventive patrol and other measures.
 Aid individuals who are in danger of physical harm.

 Protect constitutional guarantees.

 Facilitatethe movement of people and vehicles.
 Assist those who cannot care for themselves.

 Resolve conflict.

 Identify problems that are potentially serious law

enforcement and governmental problems.
 Create and maintain a feeling of security in the
community.
 Promote and preserve civil order.

 Provide other services on an emergency basis.

 RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
 Specific requirements for being accepted to a law enforcement
training academy vary from department. The general requirements
are the applicant:
 Is a U.S. citizen
 Is at least 21 years of age
 Has at least 20/20 vision uncorrected; (or 20/20 corrected by
glasses)
 Is able to distinguish colors
 Is physically and mentally healthy.
 Applicants who have served in the military must have been
honorably discharged.
 May not have been convicted of driving while intoxicated and
must hold a valid license for at least three years prior to
application and have a driving record.
 Applicants should have no criminal conviction, although
some misdemeanor crimes may bar applicants from a law
enforcement position.
 All applicants are expected to be free from drug use, be of
good moral character, and have personal integrity.
 No applicant should have any history of criminal or
improper conduct, have a poor employment record, or
have an irresponsible financial history.
 Generally, applicants should at least have a GED
equivalency or a high school diploma, however, some
departments, such as that in Dallas, Texas, are requiring 60
or more hours of completed college coursework.
 AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE
Australia is a federal state; it has only one police force for
each of its six states as well as for the Northern territory. There
is also a commonwealth agency known as the Australian
Federal Police (AFP) which provides police services for the
Australian Capital Territory. Consequently, there are eight
separate police forces namely:
 New South Wales

 Victoria

 Queensland

 Western Australia

 South Australia

 Tasmania

 Northern Territory

 Federal Police
 THE AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE is involved in
preventing and investigating crimes against the
commonwealth. It was established by the Federal Police Act
of 1979 and is under the Home Affairs Ministry, a
responsibility of the minister for Home Affairs.

 DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE AFP

 Investigate crimes against the Commonwealth law which
occurs throughout the nation.
 Responsible for a community policing role in
Commonwealth territories.
 Provide liaison officers to various overseas post

 Australia’s international law enforcement and policing

representative. (AOCC-Interpol NCB)
 RANKS
 Commissioned Ranks

 Deputy Commissioner (two crossed batons below a pip)

 Assistant Commissioner (two crossed batons)

 Commander (three pips in a triangular pattern below a crown)

 Superintendent (one pip below a crown)

 Inspector (three pips)

 Senior Non-Commissioned Ranks

 Senior Sergeant (three chevrons, crown and surmounted by a laurel
wreath)
 Sergeant (three chevrons)

 Non-Commissioned Ranks
 Senior Constable (two chevrons)

 Constable (one chevron)

 Probationary Constable (blank epaulette)

 GERMAN POLICE SYSTEM
POLICING in Germany is constitutionally vested in the
states. Each of the sixteen states (laender) of Germany has its
own police organization. Police forces for each laender are
controlled by the INTERIOR MINISTRY. Within each laender
are several kinds of police such as:
 Schutzpolizei (Schupo) which is equivalent to municipal
police. They are the first arrive at the crime scene of most
crimes and handle all general law enforcement and simple
investigation.
 Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) who are plainclothes police who
handle serious crime investigations and situations that require
developing a case against a suspect.
 Bereitschaftspolizei (Bepo) who are actually officers-in-
training living in barracks, but they serve as civil order police
when the situation arises.
 The German federal gov’t also has some police
agencies as its disposal. FEDERAL BORDER
POLICE (Bundersgrenzschutz or BGS) under
the Interior Ministry which is in charge for border
control control, sea patrol, airport and railroad
security. They may also assist in major civil
disturbances beyond the scope of the Laender
police. Included in the BGS is a special task force
called Special Group 9 (BGS-9), which handles
terrorist incidents.
 FEDERAL CRIMINAL POLICE OFFICE
Acts as a clearing house for criminal records and provides
support to the Laender relative to criminal investigations, forensics
and research. It also serves as the National Central Bureau for the
Interpol.

 RECRUITMENT
 An individual who aspires to a career of policing usually joins the
German police at the young age of sixteen or seventeen (16-17).
 First 2 ½ -3 year are spent living in the barracks and undergoing
basic training. A large part of this training focuses on riot control,
the rest involves conventional school subjects, the law and the law
enforcement.
 After years of basic training and civil disorder control work, the
Bepo officers spend about six months in general law enforcement
training prior to beginning street patrol work.
 CANADA: ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE
(RCMP)
The national police force of Canada and one of the most
recognized of its kind in the world. It is unique in the world as
a national, federal, provincial and municipal policing body. The
RCMP provides federal policing service to all of Canada and
policing services under contract to the three territories, eight of
Canada’s provinces. As the national police force of Canada, the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police is primarily responsible for
enforcing federal laws throughout Canada, while general law
and order including the enforcement of the Criminal Code and
applicable provincial legislation is constitutionally the
responsibility of the provinces and territories. This
responsibility is sometimes further delegated to municipalities
which can form their own municipal police departments. This is
common in the largest cities.
 The RCMP employs three categories of employees to handle the wide
scope of its responsibilities: Regular Members (Police Officers), Civilian
Members and Public Service Employees.
 Regular Member (Police Officers)

Regular Members are responsible for preserving the peace, upholding

the law and providing quality service in partnership with our communities.
Working in the RCMP offers a variety of dynamic and meaningful
challenges, opportunities to be posted across Canada and a competitive
salary and benefits package. A Career Nowhere Near Ordinary is waiting
for you to discover.
 Civilian Members

Hired for their specialized scientific, technical or analytical skills, in

areas such as human resources, forensics, computer programming and
project management, Civilian Members provide support to front-line
policing operations.
 Public Service Employees

Public Service Employees in areas such as administration,

communications and internet technology provide the additional support
to the business management of the RCMP.
 POLICE RANKS IN THE RCMP
 Commissioner

 Senior Deputy Commissioner

 Deputy Commissioner

 Assistant Commissioner

 Chief Superintendent

 Superintendent

 Inspector

 Corps Sergeant Major

 Sergeants Major

 Staff Sergeants major

 Staff Sergeants

 Sergeants

 Corporals

 Constable
 ASIAN SELECTED POLICE MODELS
 JAPAN POLICE SYSTEM

Law enforcement in Japan is provided by the

Prefectural Police under the oversight of the National Police
Agency or NPA.

 NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY

 The central coordinating body for the entire
police system. The National Police Agency determines
general standards and policies; detailed direction of
operations is left to the lower echelons. It is headed by a
commissioner general who is appointed by the National
Public Safety Commission
 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
 National public safety commission

 National police agency

 Regional police bureaus

 Prefectural police headquarters

 Local and city police station

 Local police post

 NATIONAL PUBLIC SAFETY COMMISSION (NPSC)

A civilian commission which supervises the National Police
Agency with respect to most aspects of police organization and
administration including training, equipment, recruitment,
communications and criminal statics. It guarantees the neutrality of the
police by insulating the force form political pressure and to ensure the
maintenance of democratic methods in police administration. Further,
it has the authority to appoint or dismiss senior police officers.
 THE KOBAN AND CHUZAISHO: JAPANESE Police
distinctive features
The Koban and the Chuzaisho is the large network of local
police post that makes the Japanese Police distinctive. They
are tiny police posts which constitute the heart of the Japanese
police operation.
 KOBAN is a police post located in urban neighborhood. In
large cities, a koban can be found in every few blocks. The
officers in the Koban account for about 40% of the total
police strength in Japan. For the most part, it functions as a
“community safety center.
 CHUZAISHO is the rural equivalent of the urban Koban.

Rural police officers are known as chuzaishan who lives

with his family in a small house provided by the government
that also serves as an office for conducting police business.
 IMPERIAL GUARD
It provides personal security for the Emperor, Crown Prince and
other members of the imperial properties, including the Tokyo
Imperial Palace, Kyoto Imperial Palace, Katsura Imperial Villa,
Shugakuin Imperial Villa (both in Kyoto), Shosoin Imperial
Repository in Nara and the imperial villas as Hayama, Kanagawa and
Nasu, Tochigi.
 KIDOTAI (SPECIAL RIOT POLICE)

They are used in crowd control during festival periods, times of

natural disaster, and to reinforce regular police when necessary. The
overwhelming majority of officers are bachelors who live in
dormitories within riot police compounds. Training is constant and
focuses on physical conditioning, mock battles, and tactical problems.

 SPECIAL ASSUALT TEAM (SAT) – it is the official paramilitary

anti-terrorist unit under the Japanese National Police Agency.
 RANKS OF JAPANESE POLICE
 Police officers are divided into nine ranks, namely:

 Keishi-sokan (Superintendent General of the Tokyo

Metropolitan Police Department)
 Keishi-kan (Superintendent Supervisor)

 Keishi-cho (Chief Superintendent)

 Keishi-sei (Senior Superintendent)

 Keishi (Superintendent)

 Keibu (Police Inspector)

 Keibu-ho (Assistant Police Inspector)

 Junsa-bucho (Police Sergeant) and

 Junsa (Policeman)

The Commissioner-General of the NPA also has the status of a

police officer and functionally holds the highest position in the
Japanese police forces but he does not have a police rank.
 RECRUITMENT and TRAINING
Education is highly stressed in police recruitment and
promotion. Entrance to the force is determined by examinations
administered by each prefecture. Examinees are divided into
two groups: upper-secondary-school graduates and university
graduates. Recruits underwent rigorous training o one year for
upper-secondary school graduates and six months for university
graduates – at the residential police academy attached to the
prefectural headquarters. On completion of basic training, most
police officers are assigned to local police boxes.
 RETIREMENT – police officers of Japan are considered
government employees thereby they are mandatorily retired
AT THE AGE OF 60.
 SINGAPORE POLICE SYSTEM
 SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE (SPF)

 The main agency tasked with maintaining law and order in the city-state.

 Formerly known as the Republic of Singapore Police.

 Parent agency, Ministry of Home Affairs

 It has with it the Neighborhood Police Centers (NPC), the counterpart of

Koban and Chuzaisho in Japan

 MANPOWER
 Regulars (uniformed, full-time officers)

 Police national servicemen (usually serve up to two years typically from

age 18)
 Volunteers (Volunteers Special Constabulary (VSC)

 Civilian staff (deployed in areas such as technology, logistics, human

resource and administrative and finance services as well as planning and
intelligence)
 Staff Welfare
 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS (Regular)
 Police officers

 Normal fitness levels,

 Good eyesight, and

 At least five passes in the GCE (General Certificate of

Education) Ordinary level or a NITEC (National Institute of
Technical Education Certificate) from the Institute of Technical
Education
 Singaporean or Singapore Permanent Resident

 Senior police officers

 Pass degree in any discipline

 Male Singaporeans must have a PES (Physical Employment

Standards) A or B.
 Singaporean or Singapore Permanent Resident
 TRAINING
 POLICE OFFICERS

 6-month Police Officer Basic Course at the Home Team Academy

 All newly appointed officers will be placed on a one-year

probation period

 SENIOR POLICE OFFICERS

 9-month basic residential training program at the Home Team
Academy
 The trainees would also undergo a 6-week leadership program
which consist of 2 main components:
 3 weeks training in Singapore to develop core leadership skills
and to prepare for the overseas training stint.
 3 weeks overseas training to further develop and assess trainees’
leadership potential
 RANKS of SPF
  

 SENIOR POLICE OFFICER

 Senior Assistant Commissioner

 Assistant Commissioner

 Deputy Assistant Commissioner

 Superintendent

 Deputy Superintendent

 Assistant Superintendent

 Inspector

  

 POLICE OFFICERS

 Senior Station Inspector (2)

 Senior Station Inspector

 Station Inspector

 Senior Staff Sergeant

 Staff Sergeant

 Sergeant

 Corporal

 *Special Constable

 *Constable
THE END