Introduction To Research Methodology 2020

TO RESEARCH
METHODOLOG
Y
March 23, 2023
Dr. Thomas Varghese

Dept. of Physics
Nirmala College,
Muvattupuzha
[email protected]
1
2 March 23, 2023
Research?
 A careful investigation for new facts in any

branch of knowledge
 Redman and Mory: Research is a systematic

effort to gain new knowledge
3 March 23, 2023
Research?
 Clifford Woody: Research-
 defining and redefining problems, formulating
hypothesis/objectives;
 collecting, organizing and evaluating data;
 making deductions and reaching conclusions;
 testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit
the formulating hypothesis/objectives
4 March 23, 2023
Why do research?
 Desire to get a research degree along with its
consequential benefits
 Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved
problems
 Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
 Desire to be of service to society
 Desire to get respectability
 Directives of government, employment conditions etc.
5 March 23, 2023
Why do research?...
 Validate intuition
 Improve methods
 Demands of the Job
 For publication/patent
6 March 23, 2023
Choose a subject
 Based on an idea
 Based on your experience
 Based on your reading
 Originality
7/42
The important features of a research

design
 A plan
Specify the sources & types of information relevant
to the research problem
 A strategy
Which approach will be used for gathering and
analyzing the data
 The time and budgets
Most studies are done under these two constraints
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Systematic- All steps must be inter

related- one to another
Logical- Agreeing with the principles
of logic
Empirical-Conclusions should be based
on evidences/observations
CHARACTERISTICS OF
9 March 23, 2023
RESEARCH…
 Objectivity- It must answer the research
questions
 Replicable- reproducible
 Transmittable
 Quality control- Accurate measurements
 All well designed and conducted research has
potential application
10 March 23, 2023
Define Your objectives

 Try to keep these simple
 The more variables the more difficult
 Use the opportunity
 Get help at this stage
 Senior colleagues
 Experienced researchers
11 March 23, 2023
Literature search
 Check to see if your idea is original
 Get articles
 Read articles and their references
 Most of these will be vital when writing up reports
 Find gap areas
 Find obsolete measurements and results
 Define objectives of the study
12 March 23, 2023
Steps involved in a research

 Choose a subject
 Literature survey
 Defining and formulation of specific objectives
 Prepare Synopsis
 Procuring of suitable apparatus/materials
 Design of experimental set up
 Preliminary experiments
 Execution of the project
 Accurate measurements/data collection
13 March 23, 2023
Steps involved in a research…

 Data analysis and error compounding
 Hypothesis testing and verification
 Results and discussion
 Generalization, interpretation and drawing
conclusions
 Preparation of the project report or writing thesis
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The Process of Research

15 March 23, 2023
Research article writing

16 March 23, 2023
Authorship/ethics
 Allauthors should directly involved in entire
study
 Article is free from plagiarism
 Should follow ethics
A Research Report
A Research Report generally include:
 Introduction and Statement of problem

 Review of relevant literature
 Statement of hypothesis or research objectives
 Theoretical resume
 Description of research design
 Description Experimental design
 Description of measurement and data analysis
 Error compounding
 Presentation of Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion, limitations, and implications
 Suggestions for future work
 Acknowledgements
 References cited
 Appendices
18 March 23, 2023
Types of research
1. Application- Pure and Applied Research
Applied- Finding solutions for immediate problems
facing a society/industry
Pure- Concerned with generalization and formulation of
a theory
2. Inquiry Mode- Quantitative and qualitative

Quantitatative- Measurements of quantity or amount
Qualitative- Concerned with qualitative phenomena (reasons
for human behavior)
19 March 23, 2023
Research Studies
 Based on research objectives:
 Exploratory or formulative research- To gain

familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve
new insights into it
 descriptive research- To study accurately the
characteristics of a particular individual,
situation or a group-includes survey
20 March 23, 2023
Research Studies
 Diagnostic research- To determine the
frequency with which something occurs or with
which it is associated with something else
 hypothesis-testing research- To test a hypothesis
of a causal relationship between variables
21 March 23, 2023
“Science is not belief,

but the will to find out.”
Thank you

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TO RESEARCH

Dr. Thomas Varghese

 A careful investigation for new facts in any

 Redman and Mory: Research is a systematic

 Demands of the Job

 Based on your experience

 Based on your reading

The important features of a research

Systematic- All steps must be inter

Define Your objectives

Steps involved in a research

Steps involved in a research…

The Process of Research

Research article writing

 Introduction and Statement of problem

2. Inquiry Mode- Quantitative and qualitative

 Exploratory or formulative research- To gain

“Science is not belief,

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