Lec 10

Leading…
Managers
as
Leaders
LEADERS AND
LEADERSHIP
• Leader – Someone who can influence others and who has

managerial authority
• Leadership – What leaders do; the process of influencing a group to

achieve goals
• Ideally, all managers should be leaders
Every Leader can be a good manager but not every manager can be
a Leader
CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP
• It is a process in which a manager influences and guides workers towards

attainment of goals.
• It denotes a few qualities present in a person which includes intelligence,
maturity and personality.
• It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with
each other.
• A leader is involved in shaping and molding the behavior of the group
towards accomplishment of organizational goals.
• Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of leadership. It all
depends upon handling the situations.
IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
CONT.
• Provide guidance- A leader must not only supervise but also play a guiding
role for the subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates
the way they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.
• Create confidence- Confidence is an important factor which can be achieved
through explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to
achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the employees’
complaints and problems.
• Builds morale- Morale denotes willing co-operation of the employees towards
their work and getting them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader
can be a morale booster by his full co-operation so that employees perform
with best of their abilities as they work to achieve goals.
CONT.
•Co-ordination- Co-ordination can be achieved through

reconciling personal interests with organizational goals. This
synchronization can be achieved through proper and effective
co-ordination which should be primary motive of a leader.
ROLE OF A LEADER
• Following are the main roles of a leader in an organization :

• Required at all levels- Leadership is a function which is important at all levels of
management.
• In the top level, it is important for getting co-operation in formulation of plans and
policies.
• In the middle and lower level, it is required for interpretation and execution of plans
and programs framed by the top management
• Representative of the organization- A leader, i.e., a manager is said to be the

representative of the enterprise. He has to represent the concern at seminars,
conferences, general meetings, etc. His role is to communicate the rationale of the
enterprise to outside public. He is also representative of the own department which
he leads.
CONT.
• He seeks support- A leader is a manager and besides that he is a person who seeks
support and co-operation of subordinates. This he can do by his personality,
intelligence, maturity and experience which can provide him positive result.
• As a friend, philosopher and guide- A leader must possess the three dimensional
traits in him.
• He can be a friend by sharing the feelings, opinions and desires with the
employees.
• He can be a philosopher by utilizing his intelligence and experience and thereby
guiding the employees as and when time requires.
• He can be a guide by supervising and communicating the employees the plans and
policies of top management and secure their co-operation to achieve the goals of a
concern
LEADERSHIP STYLES
• Three leadership styles:
• Autocratic style: centralized authority, low participation
• Democratic style: involvement, high participation, feedback
• Laissez faire style: hands-off management
• Research findings: mixed results

• No specific style was consistently better for producing better
performance
• Employees were more satisfied under a democratic leader than an

autocratic leader.
CONTEMPORARY VIEWS ON LEADERSHIP
• Transactional Leadership
• Leaders that lead primarily by using social exchanges (or transactions).
Transactional leaders guide or motivate followers to work toward
established goals by exchanging rewards for their productivity.
• Transformational Leadership
• Leaders who inspire followers to go beyond their own self-interests for
the good of the organization by clarifying role and task requirements.
• Leaders who also are capable of having a profound and extraordinary

effect on their followers.
CONTEMPORARY VIEWS…(CONT’D)
• Charismatic Leadership
• An enthusiastic, self-confident leader whose personality and
actions influence people to behave in certain ways.
• Characteristics of charismatic leaders:

• Have a vision.
• Are able to articulate the vision.
• Are willing to take risks to achieve the vision.
• Are sensitive to the environment and follower needs.
• Exhibit behaviors that are out of the ordinary.

CONTEMPORARY VIEWS…(CONT’D)
• Visionary Leadership
• A leader who creates and articulates a realistic, credible, and
attractive vision of the future that improves upon the present
situation.
• Visionary leaders have the ability to:

• Explain the vision to others.
• Express the vision not just verbally but through behavior.
• Extend or apply the vision to different leadership contexts.

MANAGERS VS
LEADERS

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Leading…

• Leader – Someone who can influence others and who has

• Leadership – What leaders do; the process of influencing a group to

• Ideally, all managers should be leaders

• It is a process in which a manager influences and guides workers towards

•Co-ordination- Co-ordination can be achieved through

• Following are the main roles of a leader in an organization :

• Representative of the organization- A leader, i.e., a manager is said to be the

• Democratic style: involvement, high participation, feedback

• Laissez faire style: hands-off management

• Research findings: mixed results

• Employees were more satisfied under a democratic leader than an

• Leaders who also are capable of having a profound and extraordinary

• Characteristics of charismatic leaders:

• Are able to articulate the vision.

• Are willing to take risks to achieve the vision.

• Are sensitive to the environment and follower needs.

• Exhibit behaviors that are out of the ordinary.

• Visionary leaders have the ability to:

• Express the vision not just verbally but through behavior.

• Extend or apply the vision to different leadership contexts.

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