Final W5 L2 Shoulder Joint

Shoulder girdle
and joint
Asmaa Ibrahim Ahmed
Assistant Professor Of Anatomy

And Embryology
Ain Shams University
Shoulder girdle
1-Sternoclavicular
joint
1-Sternoclavicular joint
• Type:
• synovial, saddle
joint
• Articulating surfaces:
• Medial end of
clavicle
• With clavicular notch
of sternum
Sternoclavicular joint
• Capsule: surrounds the
articular margins & is
lined by synovial
membrane
• 4 Ligaments reinforce
the joint:
1. Anterior sternoclavicular
2. Posterior sternoclavicular
3. Costoclavicular
4. Interclavicular
• Arterial supply:
Internal thoracic
Nerve supply:
• Medial
supraclavicular n & n
to subclavius
2-
Acromioclavicular
joint
2-Acromioclavicular joint
• Type:
• Plane synovial joint
• Articulating
surfaces:
• Facet on medial
surface of acromion
with acromial end
of clavicle
• Capsule:
surrounds the
articular margins
& is lined by
synovial
membrane
• Ligaments of
acromioclavicular
joint:
1. Small acromioclavicular
ligament
2. Large & strong
coracoclavicular ligament
formed of 2 parts:
a) Trapezoid part attached to
trapezoid line of clavicle
b) Conoid part attached to
conoid tubercle of clavicle
• Arterial supply:
• Suprascapular &
thoracoacromial
arteries
• Nerve supply:
• Suprascapular &
lateral
supraclavicular
nerves
Movements of the shoulder
Girdle
• Movements of the
clavicle at the
sternoclavicular and
acromioclavicular
joints are always
associated with
movements of the
scapula
Scapular movements
include
1. Elevationupper fibers of trapezius & levator
scapulae
2. Depressionpectoralis minor & lower digitations of
serratus anterior + gravity
3. Protraction pectoralis minor & serratus anterior
4. Retraction trapezius & rhomboids
5. Rotation upas when u raise the arm above the head
by upper fibers of trapezius & lower digitations of
serratus anterior
6. Rotation down gravity + levator scapulae,
rhomboids & pectoralis minor
 Subclavius steadies the clavicle during
movements of shoulder girdle
3 - Shoulder joint
Shoulder joint
Definition:
It’s articulation
between the
head of the
humerus and
glenoid cavity of
the scapula.
Type:
It’s ball and

socket multi –
axial synovial
joint.
It allows
movement
around three
axes.
The Articular Surfaces:
The humeral
convex head is
four times
larger than the
shallow
concave
glenoid fossa.
Both are
connected by
The Fibrous Capsule:
Medially: is
attached to the
glenoid margin
outside the
glenoidal
labrum & the
supra - glenoid
tubercle.
The Fibrous Capsule:
Laterally is
attached to
the
anatomical
neck of the
humerus, but
infero -
medially it
descends on
the surgical
Intracapsular Structures:
1. Labrum
glenoidale:
A fibrocartilagenous ring
attached to the margins
of glenoid cavity to
deepen it.
2.Synovial membrane:
Lines the capsule and

covers the intracapsular
part of the surgical neck
of the humerus.
3.Long head of
biceps:
C
It’s intracapsular
S
extrasynovial.
Capsule’s Openings:
Anterior
opening which
communicates
the joint cavity
with the
subscapular
bursa.
The second
opening is at the
upper end of the
bicipital groove
for the escape of
the tendon of the
long head of
biceps.
Posterior
opening
which
communicates
the joint cavity
with the
infraspinatus
bursa.
Supporting Ligaments Of the Joint:
1-Gleno – humeral ligaments:
 They extend from

the anterior margin
of glenoid cavity to
the lesser tuberosity
of the humerus.
 They support the
front of the joint.
2-Coraco – humeral Ligament:
It extends from the
coracoid process
to the front of
greater tuberosity.
3-Transverse humeral
Ligament:
It extends between

the greater and
lesser tuberosities.
Stability Of The Shoulder Joint
1.Coracoacromial arch prevents upward
displacement of humeral head.
2.Rotator cuff: includes subscapularis,
supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres
minor muscles.
 Their tendons fuse with the capsule all
around except below ( where dislocation
can occur) and this is the most important
supporting factor.
The long head of biceps
muscle: Supports the humeral
head from above.
The long head of triceps

muscle: Supports the abducted
humerus from below and this is the
weakest part of the joint.
Nerve supply:
Axillary , musclocutaneous and
suprascapular nerves
( AMS).
Blood supply:
Anterior & posterior circumflex
humeral and suprascapular arteries.
Movements:
Flexion: by muscles anterior to the joint

like pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and
anterior fibers of deltoid.
Extension: by muscles posterior to the
joint like latissimus dorsi, teres major and
posterior fibers of deltoid.
Abduction: by muscles superior to the
joint. Movement is initiated by
supraspinatus then completed by deltoid.
Abduction of the arm:
1. Supraspinatus 0° – 18°, at
shoulder joint.
2. Deltoid ( middle fibers) 18°
– 90°, at shoulder joint.
3. Trapezius & lower 5 digitations of
serratus anterior 90° – 180° , at
shoulder girdle.
Adduction: by the two climbing muscles
which are pectoralis major and
latissimus dorsi.
Medial rotation: by muscles inserted
into the bicipital groove which are
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and
teres major (PLT) .
Lateral rotation: by muscles attached to
the greater tuberosity which are
infraspinatus and teres minor.
Clinical Anatomy:
• In dislocation of shoulder joint, the humeral

head is dislocated downwards, so
endangers the axillary nerve which runs
close to the surgical neck of humerus.

Final W5 L2 Shoulder Joint

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Final W5 L2 Shoulder Joint

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Shoulder girdle

Assistant Professor Of Anatomy

It’s ball and

Lines the capsule and

1-Gleno – humeral ligaments:

 They extend from

It extends between

The long head of triceps

Flexion: by muscles anterior to the joint

• In dislocation of shoulder joint, the humeral

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