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    Mercator

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    cicileana
    This document discusses Mercator sailing and navigation. It defines key concepts like meridians, parallels of latitude, and rhumb lines. It explains the advantages of the Mercator projection for navigation, such as measuring bearings, courses, and distances. The document then demonstrates how to use meridional parts instead of departure to calculate tracks and distances between positions using formulas for tangent course and distance. Several examples are provided to illustrate Mercator sailing.

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    Mercator

    Uploaded by

    cicileana
    62 views26 pages
    This document discusses Mercator sailing and navigation. It defines key concepts like meridians, parallels of latitude, and rhumb lines. It explains the advantages of the Mercator projection for navigation, such as measuring bearings, courses, and distances. The document then demonstrates how to use meridional parts instead of departure to calculate tracks and distances between positions using formulas for tangent course and distance. Several examples are provided to illustrate Mercator sailing.

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    This document discusses Mercator sailing and navigation. It defines key concepts like meridians, parallels of latitude, and rhumb lines. It explains the advantages of the Mercator projection for navigation, such as measuring bearings, courses, and distances. The document then demonstrates how to use meridional parts instead of departure to calculate tracks and distances between positions using formulas for tangent course and distance. Several examples are provided to illustrate Mercator sailing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    62 views26 pages

    Mercator

    Uploaded by

    cicileana
    This document discusses Mercator sailing and navigation. It defines key concepts like meridians, parallels of latitude, and rhumb lines. It explains the advantages of the Mercator projection for navigation, such as measuring bearings, courses, and distances. The document then demonstrates how to use meridional parts instead of departure to calculate tracks and distances between positions using formulas for tangent course and distance. Several examples are provided to illustrate Mercator sailing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Mercator Sailing

    1
    Basic Sailing Triangle

    D’Long
    B

    D’Lat c e
    an
    is t
    se D
    ur
    Co

    A 2
    Re cap - circles
    • Equator?
    • Great circle
    • Parallels of latitude?
    • Small circles
    • Prime Meridian?
    • Semi great circle
    • Meridians?
    • Semi great circles
    3
    Mercator Projection

    4
    Parallels of Latitude

    Meridians 5
    Meridians

    50°N
    Parallels of
    latitudes

    40°N

    30°N

    20°N

    10°N
    Equator
    6
    Advantages of Mercator Projection
    • You Tell Me?

    • Rhumb lines appear as straight lines.

    • Course lines cross Meridians at same angle.

    • Can measure Bearings and Courses.

    • Can measure distance.

    • Land appears correct shape (Orthomorphic)7


    Great circle v Mercator

    8
    Rhumb line – Loxodromic curve

    9
    Meridional Parts
    • Instead of using D’Lat & Departure (Plane
    Sailing) we use Meridional Parts.
    • Meridional Parts are minutes of Longitude
    based on a spheroid i.e. they take into
    account the shape of the Earth.
    • They are correct to very high Latitudes.
    • Each Lat has a corresponding Meridional
    Part (MP).
    • The MP for Lat 54° 58’ is 3945.30
    10
    Meridians

    50°N 3456.53
    Meridional
    Parts

    40°N 2607.64

    30°N 1876.67

    20°N 1217.14

    10°N 599.01
    Equator
    11
    Only 2 formulas – Easy Peasy

    Save
    Tan Course = D’Long COURSE In
    DMP Memory, use
    at least 3
    Distance = D’Lat decimal
    places or use
    Cos Course
    ANS button
    12
    Meridional Parts

    D’Long
    MP B

    D’MP

    r se Tan Course = D’Long


    o u
    C DMP
    MP

    A 13
    Meridional Parts

    D’Lat c e
    an
    is t
    se D
    ur
    Co
    Distance = D’Lat
    Cos Course
    A 14
    Mr.Casio

    15
    Convention
    • If Start Lat & Final Lat in same Hemisphere:
    Then SUBTRACT Latitude’s to get D’Lat

    • If Start Lat & Final Lat different Hemispheres:


    Then ADD Lat’s to get D’Lat

    • NOTE The same convention applies for


    Meridional Parts.

    16
    Convention
    • If Start Long & Final Long in same
    Hemisphere i.e. both West or both East:
    SUBTRACT Longitude’s to get D’Long

    • If Start Long & Final Long in different


    Hemispheres i.e. one East & one West:
    ADD Longitude’s to get D’Long.

    • NOTE Do not forget to name them in the


    direction of travel.
    17
    Difference of longitude (D’Long)
    180°
    130° W 130° E
    Method 1
    130° E 180°
    Np 180° 130° W
    050° E 050° E
    D’long 100° E

    18
    0°
    Difference of longitude (D’Long)
    180°
    130° W 130° E
    Method 2
    130° E
    130° W
    Np 260° W
    360°
    100° E

    0°
    19
    Quadrantal Notation v 360°(T)
    Q N030°E
    Q N030°W 330° T N 030° T
    Q S030°E
    Q S030°W
    W E

    210° T S 150° T
    20
    1) Find by Mercator sailing the track and distance from
    35° 52’N 003° 06’W to 38° 38’N 001° 47’E

    Start Lat 35° 52.0’N MP 2294.39 Start Long 003° 06’W


    Final Lat 38° 38.0’N MP 2502.08 Final Long 001° 47’E
    D’Lat 02° 46.0’N DMP 207.69 D’Long 004° 53’E
    D’Lat 166’N D’Long 293’E

    Tan course = D’long / DMP


    Tan course = 293 / 207.69 = N054.66947593°E = 054.7°T

    Dist = D’Lat / Cos Course Use ANSwer button


    Dist = 166 / Cos 54.669 = 287.05’ Leave 54.66947593°
    on your display
    Track 054.7°T and Distance 287.1’ Type 166 / Cos ANS
    21
    2) Find by Mercator sailing the track and distance from
    52° 12’N 15° 47’W to 16° 46’N 60° 08’W

    Start Lat 52° 12.0’N MP 3666.22 Start Long 015° 47’W


    Final Lat 16° 46.0’N MP 1013.92 Final Long 060° 08’W
    D’Lat 35° 26.0’S DMP 2652.30 D’Long 044° 21’W
    D’Lat 2126’S D’Long 2661’W

    Tan course = D’long / DMP


    Tan course = 2661 / 2652.3 = S045.09381605°W = 225.09°T

    Dist = D’Lat / Cos Course


    Dist = 2126 / Cos 045.0938° = 3011.553’

    Track 225.1°T and Distance 3011.6’


    22
    3) Find by Mercator sailing the track and distance from
    28° 44’N 58° 36’W to 25° 10’S 06° 12’E

    Start Lat 28° 44.0’N MP 1789.92 Start Long 058°


    36’W
    Final Lat 25° 10.0’S MP 1551.09 Final Long 006°
    12’E
    D’Lat 53° 54.0’S DMP 3341.01 D’Long 064° 48’E
    D’Lat 3234’S D’Long 3888’E

    Tan course = D’long / DMP


    Tan course = 3888 / 3341.01 = S049.32709485°E = 130.67°T

    Dist = D’Lat / Cos Course = 3234 / Cos 049.3271° = 4962.103’

    Track 130.7°T and Distance 4962.1’ 23


    4) Find by Mercator sailing the track and distance from
    42° 09’N 170° 02’E to 36° 53’N 168° 25’W

    Start Lat 42° 09.0’N MP 2778.13 Start Long 170° 02’E


    Final Lat 36° 53.0’N MP 2369.82 Final Long 168°
    25’W
    D’Lat 05° 16.0’S DMP 408.31 D ’Long 338° 27’W
    D’Long 021° 33’E
    D’Lat 316’S D’Long 1293’E

    Tan course = D’long / DMP


    Tan course = 1293 / 408.31 = S072.475°E = 107.52°

    Dist = D’Lat / Cos Course


    Dist = 316 / Cos 072.475° = 1049.39’

    Track 107.5° and Distance 1049.4’


    24
    5) Find by Mercator sailing the track and distance from
    15° 10’S 178° 19’W to 14° 44’N 149° 08’E

    Start Lat 15° 10.0’S MP 0914.70 Start Long 178° 19’W


    Final Lat 14° 44.0’N MP 0887.96 Final Long 149° 08’E
    D’Lat 29° 54.0’N DMP 1802.66 D’Long 327° 27’E
    D’Lat 1794’N D’Long 032° 33’W
    D’Long 1953’W
    Tan course = D’long / DMP
    Tan course = 1953 / 1802.66 = N047.29234034°W = 312.7°T

    Dist = D’Lat / Cos Course


    Dist = 1794 / Cos 47.292 = 2645.01’

    Track 312.7°T and Distance 2645.0’


    25
    • End

    26

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