Gr.4 LaboratoryExercise No.3 Establishment of Horizontal Control
Gr.4 LaboratoryExercise No.3 Establishment of Horizontal Control
Gr.4 LaboratoryExercise No.3 Establishment of Horizontal Control
Jadulco, Merielle S.
Maurillo,Joevelyn C.
I. Introduction
Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the natural and built environment. It
development, and construction. But only by using appropriate surveying methods, such as
close-traverse and horizontal control, can accurate and reliable survey data be obtained.
that serve as points of reference for succeeding surveying operations. These reference points,
which are needed to guarantee that the following measurements are accurate and reliable, are
interconnected survey lines that form a closed loop. By using this method, one can make sure
that horizontal control points are accurate and that the following measurements are reliable and
consistent.Together, horizontal control and close-traverse are crucial surveying methods that
guarantee the accuracy and reliability of survey data. They help to minimize errors and ensure
that subsequent measurements are consistent, which is crucial for various industries that rely on
close-traverse, is crucial for obtaining accurate and reliable survey data. Without these
techniques, the accuracy and reliability of survey data would be compromised, leading to
At the end of the laboratory class, the students should be able to:
• Know how to perform close traverse and adjust traverse data using compass rule; and
• Tripod • Nails
• Steel Tape
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Establish at least five (5) horizontal controls on the ground near the project
site using the nails. Also, set range poles close to these controls to serve as guides or
4. Perform the traversing starting from a known point passing through the
proposed horizontal controls and closing back to the starting point. Record the distance
TP-1 .. . .. . .. .
TP-3
TP-3 .. . .. . .. .
TP-1 .. . .. . .. .
TP-1
V. COMPUTATION
1. The calculations required to determine the bearing/azimuth of each line from the
given azimuth will be obvious if a carefully prepared sketch of the given traverse is made.
Table 1: Computations in finding the distance and bearing from the coordinates
TRAVERSE
√[(Latitude)2 Tan 𝛳 =
Northings Eastings
+ Departure/Latitu
(Deparure)2] de
T1 20000 20000
T1-T2 19989.582 19964.71 19989.58 19964.715 36.791 M. S 73° 33’ 2.19’’ W
5 2-20000 -20000 =
-35.285
-10.418
5 7-19989. -19964.71 W
582 = 5=
-56.575 -29.09
3 9-19933. -19935.62 E
007 = 5=
27.622 23.768
9 8-19960. -19959.39 E
629 = 3=
39.389 40.566
DISTAN 193.39 M.
CE
2. The magnitude of the latitude of a line is the product of the length of the line by the
cosine of its bearing angle. It is a positive value if the line bears towards the north and negative
Table 2: Computations in finding the latitudes using the distances and bearing
3. The magnitude of the departure of a line is the product of the length of the line by the
sine of its bearing angle. It is a positive value if the line bears towards east and negative if
4. The total error of closure in latitude CL is the algebraic sum of all north and south
latitudes. Similarly, the total error of closure in the departure CD is the algebraic sum of all east
squares of the total error in latitude CL and the total error in departure CD .
6. The relative error of closure 𝑅𝐸𝐶 of the traverse is the ratio of the linear error of
closure 𝐿𝐸𝐶 of the traverse to the total perimeter 𝑃 of the traverse. If the magnitude of the
computed relative error of closure 𝑅𝐸𝐶 of the traverse is less than the standard set by the
Instructor, adjust the traverse using compass rule, otherwise reconduct the traversing until the
standard is achieved.
𝑅𝐸𝐶 = LEC
193.39
Table 4: Computations in adjusting the latitude and departure using the compass rule
Latitude/Departure
s Latitude Departure
corners / ∑ corners / Cl Cd
Distances) ∑Distances)
193.39)= 193.39)=
-10.421 -35.277
-0.003 0.008
193.39)= 193.39)=
-56.582 -29.077
-0.007 0.013
193.39) 193.39)
27.619 23.776
-0.003 0.008
193.39) 193.39)
39.384 40.578
-0.005 0.012
7. Compute the adjusted length and direction of the traverse lines using the adjusted
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑠𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑e
Table 5: Computations in finding the adjusted distances and bearing using the adjusted
s Latitude Departure
8. Compute the coordinates of the control points using the adjusted latitude and
departure, and the assumed coordinates of the reference control point as 20,000.00mN and
20,000.000mE
Table 6: Computations in finding the adjusted northing and eastings using the adjusted
Latitude Departure
control
Point)
Table 7: Computations in finding the distance and bearing of the sighted points using
their coordinates and the adjusted coordinates of their designated turning points.
SIGHTED POINTS
Northings Eastings
of sighted of sighted
points points
= = 15.39’’ W
-3.137 -69.196
-0.543 34.458
2= 8= 24.13’’ W
16.665 -22.282
(IFS2) 7= 6= 40.31’’ W
16.44 -44.79
2= 8= 58.25’’ W
28.305 -9.142
For this activity, the survey team performed the establishment of horizontal control.
Furthermore, the establishment of the network of control points will serve as a framework for all
subsequent surveying activities in the area. To be specific, here are some examples of how the
control is necessary for the planning and construction of transportation infrastructure such as
railroads, highways, etc. Through it, accurate control points can be used to establish the
alignment of these said infrastructure. Another industry that also benefits from this is the mining
industry. To be specific, accurate control points are used to locate mineral deposits and other
mining infrastructures. Subsequently, this helps with making sure that mining operations are
carried out effectively and safely. Another use of this activity is that it can aid with the monitoring
of the changes in the area or environment, in general, due to environmental conditions such as
Clearly, establishment of horizontal control is critical to ensure accurate surveying and offers
a wide range of applications. So, to also make sure that the activity was done accurately , the
team performed it with the guidance of their instructor. In addition, a total station was used as
the primary instrument to conduct this activity. Furthermore, the team performed the compass
rule to correct the errors from the data- to ensure that said data are reliable.
The following are the adjusted data gathered from the establishment of horizontal control and
close traverse:
VII. SKETCH
VIII. CONCLUSION
To conclude, in project planning and construction to ensure accuracy and efficiency,
control surveys are being conducted. These are classed by accuracy and control point count.
Skilled surveyors perform control surveys utilizing total stations, GPS receivers, and level tools.
This is used to set up a precise reference frame for the location of points on the Earth’s surface.
Also, this helps to keep the integrity of geospatial data over time.
Most of the time, this is done through horizontal and vertical control points. Horizontal
controls are developed to create a framework around which other surveys can be adjusted.
These control surveys are used for accurate mapping projects. The advantages of using a
horizontal control survey include; Lost monuments can be replaced accurately, surveys can be
coordinated, more than one network station can provide a check to the work, and a reduction in
the cost of the project can be achieved. Horizontals should be connected to the control network.
Considering the accuracy of the survey, it would be easier to correctly find and measure
points on the ground, which could lead to mistakes and inaccuracies in the final survey product.
Overall, this is considered as significant in the field of surveying for a lot of reasons.
They help ensure that geospatial data, the products, and services used are accurate and
reliable.
IX. REFERENCES
12.1. Horizontal and vertical control (1).pptx. (n.d.). 12.1. Horizontal and Vertical Control
https://www.slideshare.net/SaddoAjmal/121-horizontal-and-vertical-control-1pptx .
Calam, C. (2017, September 5). Types of Land Surveys Utilized by Mining Operations.
Advancing Mining. .Retrieved from
https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/mining/types-of-land-surveying-utilized-by-mining-operations/
#:~:text=Using%20surveying%20minimizes%20the%20risk,of%20miners%20and%20the%20in
dustry.
Elementary Surveying - 3rd Edition by La Putt, Juny Pilapil - 2007. (n.d.). Biblio.com.
Retrieved from
https://www.biblio.com/book/elementary-surveying-3rd-edition-putt-juny/d/333217740
Traversing In Survey - Types, Purpose, Methods | Construction How. (2020, May 15).
Liza, U. (2023, February 22). Control survey: What it is, types, importance + process.
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/control-survey/#:~:text=A%20control%20survey%20establish
es%20reference,foundation%20for%20diverse%20building%20processes.