SDGs For Community Empowerment - Keynote 22 Agustus

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
Assoc. Prof. Sulikah Asmorowati, S.Sos., MDevSt, Ph.D
Vice Dean II FISIP Universitas Airlangga
Universitas Airlangga x Universiti Teknologi MARA

Sustainable Development
 A buzzword in International development and public policy lexicon
 Enshrined on the masthead of Environment magazine
 Featured on 8,720,000 Web pages, and countless programs, Institution,
places etc
(Kates et al. 2005)

1972: Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment,“Conflicts between
environment and development were first Acknowledge”
1980: World Conservation Strategy of the International Union for the

Conservation of Nature, argued for conservation: “As a means to assist
development and specifically for the sustainable development and utilization
of species, ecosystems, and resources”
1982 : the General Assembly of the United Nations initiated The World
Commission on Environment and Development.
1987: Report, Our Common Future, chaired by then–
Prime Minister of Norway Gro Harlem Brundtland, Thus,
“Brundtland Commission.”
Agenda 21 : “government’s strategy.....

Build upon and harmonize the various sectoral, economic, social and environmental policies and plans that are
operating in the country
Why sustainable development ??
“PLANETARY BOUNDARIES”
Source: Rockström et al 2009a in Sachs 2004

E.g. CLIMATE CHANGE
that also affect Indonesia and Malaysia
• Extreme rainfall events : Increase in severity of floods,

soil erosion
• Water excess (extreme rainfall, flows)
• Water Quality: Increase in pollution litters, nutrients and
sediments
BUT, In some other cases...
• Water shortage (drought)

• Sea Level Rise
• Increase in erosion&sedimentation
• GLOBAL Warming, etc… 7
What is sustainable development ?
The Meaning of Sustainable Development
• According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, the definition of Sustainable
Development (SD) is :
• “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own need” (Our Common Future, 1987)”
• The Goal:
• To ensure social responsible economic development while protecting the resource base and the
environment for the benefit of future generations.
• Should be developed through the widest possible participation”.
This most widely accepted definition is “creatively ambiguous”
LEAD TO SEVERAL SIGNIFICANT QUESTION
What will the future generation needs???
We use resources faster then previous years

MORE ICT OR DIGITAL NEEDS...
The Framework
• Balance on the social, economic and environmental developments”

More Current’s view of SD (Early 2000s)
• Broadened to include issues such as health care and

education (i.E. The constraint of economic
development) morris, 2002
Some of the DEBATES
• POVERTY, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, DISEASES
AND ALL OTHER WORLD PROBLEMS are DUE TO THE
DEVELOP COUNTRIES:
• I.E. That people in the rich world consume a great proportions of

wold resources and emit too great proportion of the world’s
pollution
THE ALTERNATIVE VIEW:
• Most of the poor world’s problems are the result of unsustainable

policies by their own government, especially due to massive
industrialisation to Boost economic growth.
Policy Transformation and
Opportunities for sustainable development
OUTCOME ORIENTED POLICY:
(BY THE UN, EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS AND THE EU

INSTITUTIONS)
CENTRALIZED CONTROL OVER THE USE OF

RESOURCES IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT
HUMAN FROM DEPLETING STOCK OF
RESOURCES
INTERNATIONAL
POLICY CHANGES
THE CHALLENGE:
 The interaction betwen culture, structure and technology
optimisation, improvement and renewal of the party’s involved
 Human needs as starting points but at the same point eco-efficiency
and innovation Most of the poor world’s problems are the result of
unsustainable policies by their own government, especially due to
massive industrialisation to Boost economic growth.
Some tools or measures taken
SWEEPING RESTRICTION ON THE USE OF RESOURCES
WIDE RANGING INTERVENTIONS IN THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE, AND
THE BEHAVIOR OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES,
RESTRICTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE..
• MOST IMPORTANTLY: ENCOURAGING SUSTAINABLE POLICIES

• Sustainable policies: “prescribe an outcome for society, but allow individuals to improve their own
lot without harming that of others Based on teh creation of property right, the rule of law, free
market.”
• The spread of system’s renewal approach in interaction with educational renewal
Are you individual who contribute to the
sustainability of the community?
Are you individual who contribute to the

sustainability of the world?
Does your Institutions?
• Does Malaysia to the world?

• Does Indonesia to the world?
• E.g. The green thinking or green development is one

of the answer.
• I guest I wanna leave the discussion to the audience 
Source : Financial Times, 12 June, 2005

ENGAGEMENT OF ALL
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
ACTORS
SUSTAINABLE
AND STAKEHOLDERS
DEVELOPMENT
(PARTICIPATON WITH
EQUAL VOICES = GLOBAL
PATNERSHIP)
COMMUNITY
EMPOWERMENT
Community empowerment shifts control over government
decisions and responsibilities to community based entities,
such as neighborhood organizations, public housing tenants,
or business associations, by creating power-sharing
arrangements between them and government
Empowerment Principles
(Putri, 2019)
Empowerment can do by:
• Personal
• Organisational
• Family
• Community/collective
Personal Empowerment
(Labonte, 1996)
Increased feelings of value and a sense of individual control, a proactive

and a critical approach to life (Zimmerman, 1995) that may be triggered
by an incident or experience in life
At some stage individuals will want to address the broader, underlying

causes of their powerlessness and will want to become more engaged
in politically orientated activities
Passive Action empowerment

Community Empowerment
• Is a process by which disadvantaged people work together to
increase control over events that influence their lives (David
werner, 1988)
• A process and an outcome often leading to social and

political change.
The continuum of
collective empowerment
Action for
social and
Community partnerships political
Small groups organisations change
Personal
action
The capable community
• A community has both social and geographic dimensions, in which
individuals and groups interact, take action towards achieving shared
goals (a community of interest)
• The existence of functional leadership, established community
strcutures, participation and the ability to mobilize resources are
indicative of strong organizational and social abilities that capture the
essential qualities of a ‘capable community’
Building Community Empowerment
(laverack, 2009)
• Community participation
• Problem assessment capacities
• Local leadership
• Resource mobilization
• Organisational structures
• Link to other organisations and people
• Ability to ‘ask why’ (critical consciousness)
• Community control over programme management
• Equitable relationship with outside agents
THE MATRIX OF EMPOWERMENT
Domain Assessment and Reasons Why How to Improve Strategy Resource
Rank
Improve
participation
Increase
problem
assessment
capacities
Develop local
leadership
Improve
resource
mobilisation
Build
organisational
structure
Example
How Sustainable Development Can
Contribute To Community Empowerment
Inclusivity and Economic Education and Social Cohesion Environmental
Participation Opportunities Capacity Stewardship
Building
Health and Gender Infrastructure Local Long-Term

Well-being Equality and Development Governance Perspective
Social Justice and Decision-
making
Conclusion
Sustainable Development For Community Empowerment is a holistic approach
that seeks to enhance the well-being and quality of life of individuals within a
community while preserving and improving the natural and social environment
for current and future generations. This approach emphasizes collaboration,
inclusivity, and long-term thinking to create positive outcomes for both people
and the planet.
In practice, sustainable development for community empowerment requires

collaboration among governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses,
and community members themselves. By addressing social, economic, and
environmental dimensions, this approach creates a framework for holistic,
inclusive, and lasting development.
THANK YOU

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR

Universitas Airlangga x Universiti Teknologi MARA

(Kates et al. 2005)

1980: World Conservation Strategy of the International Union for the

Agenda 21 : “government’s strategy.....

Source: Rockström et al 2009a in Sachs 2004

that also affect Indonesia and Malaysia

• Extreme rainfall events : Increase in severity of floods,

BUT, In some other cases...

• Water shortage (drought)

LEAD TO SEVERAL SIGNIFICANT QUESTION

What will the future generation needs???

We use resources faster then previous years

• Balance on the social, economic and environmental developments”

• Broadened to include issues such as health care and

• I.E. That people in the rich world consume a great proportions of

• Most of the poor world’s problems are the result of unsustainable

(BY THE UN, EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS AND THE EU

CENTRALIZED CONTROL OVER THE USE OF

• MOST IMPORTANTLY: ENCOURAGING SUSTAINABLE POLICIES

Are you individual who contribute to the

Does your Institutions?

• Does Malaysia to the world?

• E.g. The green thinking or green development is one

Source : Financial Times, 12 June, 2005

Increased feelings of value and a sense of individual control, a proactive

At some stage individuals will want to address the broader, underlying

Passive Action empowerment

• A process and an outcome often leading to social and

Health and Gender Infrastructure Local Long-Term

In practice, sustainable development for community empowerment requires

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